... , stress and depressive symptoms. The researchers hypothesized that adaptive acculturation would depend on social interactions, cultural assimilation and learning a core identity. However, in the study the researchers, Oh et. al., (2002) identified that social interaction and use of language resulted into to lower levels of stress and lower depression. However, those Korean immigrants who felt a loss of identity scored ... higher for depression (Oh et. al., 2002). In the article Safdar et.al, (2003), describes Iranians migrating to Canada and they measure how much they strive to sustain ...

• Word Count: 1618
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... (Alegria, Atkins, Farmer, Slaton, & Stelk, 2010). Current research is closely linking the social environment with expression of disease, risk of developments of mental disorder, and resiliency factors (Alegria et al., 2010). With symptom expression, risk, and prevalence of mental disorders varying across factors such as culture, gender, and age (Alegría, Pescosolido, Williams, & Canino, 2011). Today our society ... in directing further research (Kirmayer, 2012). Therefore, today evidenced-based practice requires careful consideration of socio-cultural differences in the classification ...

• Word Count: 2238
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... children are at greater risk for emotional and behavioral disorders and negative psychosocial conditions such as poverty, family and community violence, substance abuse, and substandard living conditions (Morris, et al., 2001). Additionally, studies support that the stress of attempting to adapt to two dissimilar cultures has significant impact on overall mental health, drug abuse, suicide rates, and eating ... , suicide, truancy, etc. as high priority areas. "Persistent and pervasive social pressure to adapt or acculturate is a fact of life for most American Native children and families...

• Word Count: 2517
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... by the media and a result of the general public attitudes and preconceived ideas. Nurses should analyse any views or misconceptions that they might have regarding indigenous people. Reid et al, 2000 also encourages that nurses do not take a universal approach when addressing issues relating to indigenous population. Nursing care should begin and end by treating every indigenous person ... cultural beliefs and practices into any nursing planning and intervention. This requires nurses to understand and accept that these patients may view the world differently from themselves and Ramsden e...

• Word Count: 2209
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... that I have selected from the student workbook. In this paper I will analyze and discus the articles "Democracy and Destiny" by Gary Young and "Subcultures, Cultures and Class" by John Clarke et al. Furthermore, I will attempt to make a comparison of the two readings and shed light on where I feel there is a connection between the two. Lastly, the goal of this critique is to ... , the authors make references to the problems the working class face to the leisure they exhibit. I found this section to be one of the weak points of the reading. Clarke et al. are logical in there process of de...

• Word Count: 1141
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... with how the Japanese express themselves without words. It will also aid in forming a smoother alliance with the Japanese counterpart. The Japanese culture admires the reticence trait. According to Hodgson et al.(2000) to westerners it might bring impatience since "silence is not what Westerners are accustomed to However, it is to the favor of the westerner not to interject this quietness ... said. Any interruption would be considered rude. Additionally, "directness can be considered rude and a smile may not always indicate mirth, it can be a sign of embarrassment or nervousness, says (H...

• Word Count: 2911
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography

... and improve internal employee relations. Epstein and Spiegel (1997) note that the firms total output is affected positively by the efforts invested in the relations with employees. Gittel et al. (2004) examine competing theoretical arguments regarding whether union representation, shared governance, wage levels, as elements of the labor relations structure, and two features of the quality labor ... -related pay, training programs and counseling are all activities that human resources management can use to achieve new purposes (Watson and D"Annunzio-Green, 1996). According to Beer et al (...

• Word Count: 4972
• Approx Pages: 20
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... ) assumes that post-colonialism refers to the texts produced after the colonized countries became independent. If Dobie emphasizes post-colonialism to the product which is produced after colonization, then Aschroft et al (2001) argued that post-colonialism deals with the effects of colonization on cultures and societies. The British was not only colonizing the colonized country, but also engrafting their culture to ... . The term hybridity has frequently been used in post-colonial discourse to mean simply cross-cultural exchange. Hybridity as defined by Aschroft et al (1998) is the creati...

• Word Count: 1124
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... of the Transcultural Integrative Model exceeds the scope of this article. However, a point can be made about its potential applicability in a variety of settings. Garcia et al. (1999) conducted a confirmatory factor analysis study that showed the complexity of ethical dilemmas faced by counselors working with HIV/AIDS populations. They found that counselor ... this task, we first reviewed the current multicultural counseling literature to evaluate how the main counseling theories and approaches have integrated cultural variables into their conceptual framework. Different authors (Ivey e...

• Word Count: 5041
• Approx Pages: 20
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... of the Transcultural Integrative Model exceeds the scope of this article. However, a point can be made about its potential applicability in a variety of settings. Garcia et al. (1999) conducted a confirmatory factor analysis study that showed the complexity of ethical dilemmas faced by counselors working with HIV/AIDS populations. They found that counselor ... this task, we first reviewed the current multicultural counseling literature to evaluate how the main counseling theories and approaches have integrated cultural variables into their conceptual framework. Different authors (Ivey e...

• Word Count: 5041
• Approx Pages: 20
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... and cultivate positive relationships between students from diverse backgrounds in geographically diverse areas. This efforts have included videoconferences, computer conferences, interactions on the Web, and e-pals (Cifuentes & Murphy, 2000; Cifuentes et al., 1998). Technologies used with middle grade students have included interactive compressed video and use of two-way televised communication systems via telephone lines (Sembor, 1997). Teacher education students are using ... the duo a perfect pair. Concerned observers cite the divergent ideological underpinnings of multicultural educ...

• Word Count: 1520
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... misunderstanding, inferential statements and emotive language. Ambiguous language is also used in intercultural communication. Ambiguous language consists of words and phrases that have more than one commonly accepted definition (Adler, et al. 94). Across cultures, some words and phrases are used in different ways. For example, even in countries that share the English language, the meaning of "yes" varies from " ... to that language since he is unaware of all the dialectal changes. What is culture? It is "the language, values, beliefs, traditions, and customs people share and learn" (Adl...

• Word Count: 1464
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to influence advertising tactics and consumer's decision making (ibid). Taking that in consideration and determining the optimum advertisement message, by adapting the promotional message to cultural differences (Root, 1994). Chandra's et al. (2002) research suggests that cross-market consumer variations may necessitate unique decisions about adaptations in an advertisement's theme, slogan, idiomatic expressions, symbols and colours. Furthermore, Chandra ... et al. (2002) state that for a firm to maximize profits fully, it must adapt their advertising campaigns to the needs of its speci...

• Word Count: 759
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... evaluation. It is clear that adults rapidly do this, but how about infants? Do they also differentiate people who help, and people who harm? The authors of the article, Hamlin, et al. hypothesized that preverbal infants do social evaluation. The hypothesis is then confirmed with the results suggesting, "preverbal infants assess individuals on the basis of their behavior towards others" ... ; (Hamlin et al. 2007). They prefer a helpful individual to a hinderer, prefer a helper to a neutral individual, and prefer a neutral individual to a hinderer. They assessed 6 and 10-month-old infa...

• Word Count: 832
• Approx Pages: 3

... portion of his article, he expresses his ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism is defined as the tendency to judge the beliefs and behaviours of other cultures from the perspective of one's culture(Robbins et al. 2014:19). Geertz did just that when he expressed how he was treated in a certain "Balinese"" way without mentioning how he got acquainted with his subjects in a relatively 'certain' way ... study in an approach called cultural text. It is a way of thinking about culture as set of significant symbols "words, gestures, drawings, natural objects "that carries meaning(Robbins et al. 2014:25...

• Word Count: 787
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... managers. In societies in which managers and workers are separated by a large power distance, the leveling effect of computer-based media is not seen or felt as a desirable feature. Ho et al. [15], for example, found that anonymity is not a desirable characteristic of communications for the cultures they studied. In high PDI cultures, individuals may show deference to authority by refraining from ... PEOU exerts only an indirect effect on use (by influencing the PU of a system) while it is also suggested that the impact of PEOU becomes less important over time. Adams et al., who observe...

• Word Count: 3589
• Approx Pages: 14

... native way of life and into a non-indigenous society. This involved the kidnapping of many indigenous children, especially those considered "half-caste", and placing them in the white families (Nelson et al, 1999). As a result of the set policies, the indigenous people became utterly demoralized. Demoralisation meant a decline in the health and well being of indigenous as well as deaths from exposure ... hint for food, it was now necessary for them to rely on their colonisers for their survival. It came to the point where cultural identity became a struggle to maintain (Nelson et al, 19...

• Word Count: 2453
• Approx Pages: 10

... history, geography and literature of English- speaking countries. That is to say, in terms of teaching culture in ELT, communication information ought to vastly outweigh knowledge counterpart. Based on Adaskou et al. (1990), for the purposes of language teaching, culture teaching can be divided into three subcategories. Firstly, in the aesthetic sense, culture involves literature, music, films and the fine arts. Secondly ... ...

• Word Count: 2477
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... helped adapt better strategies accordingly. The company changed its products slightly on account of the knowledge that Chinese apartment were not very big and people required functional, modular solutions (Chu et al, 2013) What is more, in order to lower the barrier of high prices for Chinese people to buy IKEA products, and solve the problem of high import taxes, IKEA built ... ...

• Word Count: 1564
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... helped adapt better strategies accordingly. The company changed its products slightly on account of the knowledge that Chinese apartment were not very big and people required functional, modular solutions (Chu et al, 2013) What is more, in order to lower the barrier of high prices for Chinese people to buy IKEA products, and solve the problem of high import taxes, IKEA built ... ...

• Word Count: 1564
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of a range of government policies that promote the social solidarity, reduce the impact of the urban inequality between the immigrants and local people, and related to urban planning issues. (Fincher et al. ,2014). For example, Toronto as a typical multicultural city, the urban branding of the city is also related to this grand topic, it considered the diversity as the city's strength. By ... ...

• Word Count: 1154
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... unique circumstances that the adopted children are racially Chinese but are being raised by White parents, a 5-item ethnic marginality subscale adapted from the Belongingness and Ethnic Identity Scale (BEIS; Mohanty et al., 2006) was additionally used to gather data on the adoptee's experience with birth and adoptive cultures. The scale was specifically designed to assess trans-racial adoptee's ethnic experience and is ... ...

• Word Count: 1340
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... in the organization. The outcome of this can mean that the staffs in Sweden are more into group responsibility and thus, the outcome for their efforts is group-based (Kastenmüller, et al. 40). This is not the case in America as the employees are more individually responsible and thus, the results got are more due to individual efforts. Therefore, the efforts by ... ...

• Word Count: 1922
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

... .typepad.com, 2011). The parties will openly work, resolving and dispute by stating their own points of view. Uncertainty avoidance is the unpreventable truism that the future is unknown (Samovar et al., 2013). Japan is one of the most uncertainty avoiding countries, this attribute the fact that Japan is threatened by natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis and typhoons. The Japanese learned ... ...

• Word Count: 1114
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the classroom. Service learning has helped prepare teachers to work with people from diverse backgrounds. It as helped many individuals to build knowledge through experience and their service learning. Walbank et al (2011) describes this as "experimental learning" by which teachers are able to prepare to deal with diverse backgrounds and acquire the skills necessary to improve educational outcomes of ... ...

• Word Count: 1067
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate