... times greater in the plane of the graphite rings than at right angles to this plane: (parallel)/(perpendicular) = 106 . Correspondingly, the conductivity of stretchoriented polyacetylene is some 100 times higher in the stretch direction than perpendicular to it. The smaller 4 anisotropy compared to graphite, i.e. non-vanishing(perpendicular), could suggest -short-circuiting- across the chains. Since the polyacetylene chains are not infinite, contacts between ... not the counter ions, I3 - or Na+, but the charges on the polymer that are the mobile charge carriers (see Mechanism of polyme...

• Word Count: 6720
• Approx Pages: 27
• Grade Level: High School

... in buildings generally different from their original contexts Synagogue: a Jewish house of worship Torah: first five books of the Old Testament traditionally ascribed to Moses Transept: an aisle in a church perpendicular to the nave, where the clergy originally stood BYZANTINE ART Early Byzantine Saint Michael the Archangel 174 324 6th C One leaf of an ivory diptych. It was meant to be ... cases forming a web-like design Tapestry: a woven product in which the design and the backing are produced at the same time on a device called a loom Transept: an aisle in a church perpendicular to th...

• Word Count: 10708
• Approx Pages: 43
• Grade Level: High School

... this. This instrument is about 20 feet long and consists of a straight plank with a five-foot channel for water in the center. Each end of the chorobates had a leg positioned perpendicular to the plank. Plumb bobs at either end shown that the device was level when lined up with vertical lines drawn on the diagonal cross planks. The water in the ... a layer of concrete followed by more mortar and so on. When the foundation was complete, the real construction began. Each wall and pier of the building had to be exactly perpendicular to the foundation. This was achieved using an Egyptian de...

• Word Count: 2911
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... raised" (Hamilton). There were also square pianos in which the strings ran from left to right as on the clavichord. And by 1800, there were upright pianos whose strings ran perpendicular to the keyboard. The dulcimer, the earliest ancestor of the piano, originated shortly after the birth of Christ, in Iran. The basic principles of the piano were illustrated on this ... a German man names Christian Ernst Friederici in 1745. The pyramid piano was the same design of the grand piano copied to vertical form. This made the strings and soundboard mounted perpendicular to the keys, so that they...

• Word Count: 3032
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: High School

... calculators (29%) or than the combined use of both computer and graphing calculators (10%). Furthermore, the most widely used CAS in the corpus is the graphing calculator (83 papers), followed by Maple (53) and Mathematica (43). Derive (21) and Matlab (11) are also common, as well as 27 papers ... an algorithm efficient for computation and not necessarily one that matches a hand technique. For example, Holm (2003, p. 2) found that an online integral calculator would (rather than using the substitution method for simply expand the product and use the power rule. He notes that such cases ...

• Word Count: 3390
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography

... rack holding two horizontal wires with beads strung across them. Several different types of arithmetic operations could be performed when these beads were manipulated. Another early calculator, later called Napier's Bones, made its debut in the early 1600's. This device, invented by Charles Napier, consisted of a series of rods that ... digital apparatus that could not only add, but could also multiply. It was not until 1820 that a mechanical calculator, developed by Charles Xavier Thomas, was introduced that could perform all four basic arithmetic operations. While Thomas was busy creat...

• Word Count: 7384
• Approx Pages: 30
• Grade Level: High School

... pound at the butcher's shop. Regardless of the great cost and effort that went into the making of tables they were inevitably full of errors. The Arithmometer was like a desktop calculator or a cash register and proved to the people there was a need to change the way things were done, an easier way to get the job done, quicker and more efficient ... of inertia and stress distributions. Without the help of these calculations it would not have been possible to build bridges, railroads, steamships or textile mills. The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC) was produced at ...

• Word Count: 2656
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... ideas). Professional influences: Its emphasis is back to the basics, the 3 R's were emphasized (reading, writing, and arithmetic). Technological Influences: In the math class there should be at least a calculator. Language influences: Language is a part of the whole thinking process. Students verbalize, it is used in problem solving, and relationships are formed. Societal influences: A number of societal factors influence decisions ... a bit of pre-planning. Calculators The use of calculators ensures that the experiences in math matches reality, development of reasoning skills, promote u...

• Word Count: 5657
• Approx Pages: 23
• Grade Level: High School

... the shape of the canvas as the essential fact of the picture. He carefully plotted out every square inch of pictorial space in patterns of even stripes reiterating the simple perpendicular and parallel relationships of the frame. No forms overlapped and none seemed secondary. Instead, the entirety of the rectangular field was recognized as being of one importance, minimized in complexity ... , for it deviated from traditional rectangularity in favor of symmetrically placed notches. This innovation both created and reflected the internal geometries of stripes that now ran only parallel, a...

• Word Count: 4097
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... smart features get lower rating but the machines with more features get higher rating. For example, if we compare a computer and a calculator, computer gets a higher rating because of its more versatile and storage performance compared to less versatile and less storing calculator. How do we rate contradictory machines such as a computer and a camera with their completely different performance? This is when we ... ...

• Word Count: 2656
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to the test by deciding whether buying or leasing a new car is right for you, and predict how much money you can save for your retirement by using an interest calculator. When you buy a car, follow a recipe, or decorate your home, you're using math principles. People have been using these same principles for thousands "even millions "of years ... to the test by deciding whether buying or leasing a new car is right for you, and predict how much money you can save for your retirement by using an interest calculator. The (un)Truth About Statistics Have you ever heard the expression, "Four ...

• Word Count: 6364
• Approx Pages: 25
• Grade Level: High School

... seeking to encode the laws of human thought into complex, logical systems. In the 1600s, engineering and philosophy began a slow merger, which continues today. The mathematician, Blaise Pascal, created a mechanical calculator in 1642 (to enable gambling predictions). Another mathematician, Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, improved Pascal's machine and made his own contribution to the philosophy of reasoning by proposing an easier way ... by making an equation. (We should love these guys; they pretty much invented the calculator.)4 Many of the leading thinkers of the 18th and 19th century ...

• Word Count: 5546
• Approx Pages: 22
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... , names, identifies and defines the different kinds of angles; derives relationships of geometric figures using measurements and by inductive reasoning: supplementary angles, complementary angles, equal angles, adjacent angles, linear pairs, perpendicular lines and parallel lines; derives relationships between vertical angles and among angles formed by parallel lines cut by a transversal using measurement and by inductive reasoning; uses a compass and straightedge to ... ...

• Word Count: 4402
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of the circular bank. There are four station stones just inside the earth bank- one that points north, one that points to the south, and two that together make a line perpendicular to the axis of the avenue. The faces of all of the Sarsen stones were dressed and shaped, and they were mostly given a convex shape to exaggerate the impression of ... ...

• Word Count: 2708
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

... of the circular bank. There are four station stones just inside the earth bank- one that points north, one that points to the south, and two that together make a line perpendicular to the axis of the avenue. The faces of all of the Sarsen stones were dressed and shaped, and they were mostly given a convex shape to exaggerate the impression of ... ...

• Word Count: 2741
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... of 15-20 lamellae surrounding a 50mm neurovascular canal called the Haversian canal. Osteocytes contained in lacunae are located between lamellae and are interconnected by canaliculi. Haversian canals are joined by perpendicular vascular channels called Volkmann's canals. Endosteum lines the Haversian and Volkmann canals. In long bones, osteons run parallel to the long axis of the bone. Second, Circumferential lamellar bone are ... ...

• Word Count: 5684
• Approx Pages: 23
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and releasing their 500-pound bombs. As the fighters were finishing their bombing runs, allied bombers were heard directly over the ground forces. The heavies (allied bombers) had approached on a perpendicular course, instead of the instructed parallel course. The first group of bombers dropped their entire load of bombs only 300 yards in front of the allied line of resistance. The ... ...

• Word Count: 2755
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... in the lower lumbar region, and the head presses the sky, stretching out the backbone. The upper breastbone is raised, naturally throwing back the shoulders and neck. The face is perpendicular to the floor, and the nape of the neck stretched up. The nose is on the same plane as the navel. The ears are on the same plane as the ... ...

• Word Count: 3400
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... that will be focused in more detail later (Anderson, 2000, p.456). An athletic trainer can perform a transverse friction massage for six to eight minutes to the area. This is performed perpendicular to the inferior pole of the patella to the fibers. The friction massage is performed to increase the process of inflammation, so healing may progress to the fibroblastic phase. If ... ...

• Word Count: 3081
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... sex. In the years to follow, gender roles expand into all aspects of life. The expectations of girls and boys, men and women, take on a life of their own running perpendicular to one another, intersecting only at times of sexual encounters, expectations, and desires. Sex is the main vice of our society; from it stereotypes and double-standards have bloomed. Sex ... ...

• Word Count: 2746
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... bacteria, providing conclusive evidence that the phage genetic material consisted of DNA, not protein (Figure 2). In 1952, Rosalind Franklin photographed crystals of highly purified DNA showing a twisted helix. The bases, perpendicular to the length of fiber, have sugar-phosphate molecules on the outside of the helix. Further analysis showed one turn of the helix contains ten nucleotides and the diameter of ... ...

• Word Count: 2575
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... stern settled back, almost to an even keel. This was momentary, however, and as it quickly filled with water the stern rose quickly into the air until it was almost perpendicular to the water. Horribly, there were still hundreds of people clinging for the lives to the highest parts of the stern section. Many survivors later said that the stern section ... ...

• Word Count: 3378
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: High School

... had some structural damage, and a large number of buildings collapsed on virtually every block. Most collapses were toward the north, which was evidently the result of a long-period velocity pulse perpendicular to the fault. This effect has also been observed in other earthquakes. Failures of major commercial and residential buildings were noted as far away as Ashiya, Nishinomiya, and Takarazuka. In ... ...

• Word Count: 24170
• Approx Pages: 97
• Grade Level: High School

... objects. In February of 1960 the N.A.A.D.S. (North American Air Defense System) spotted a satellite of unknown origin orbiting the Earth. They knew that it wasn't a Soviet satellite because it was orbiting perpendicular to trajectory produced by a Soviet launch. It also had a mass estimated at 15 metric tons, no evidence of booster rockets and traveled at speed three times faster than any known ... ...

• Word Count: 2543
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... airplane. The weight will also change as the flight time increases as such things as fuel, skydivers, or crop dusting chemicals are dispensed. The other pair of forces which act perpendicular to lift and weight are a less complex pair to understand. Thrust is the force that acts in a forward direction. In aviation, specifically airplanes, some type of engine provides thrust. This ... ...

• Word Count: 3356
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: High School