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French Revolution


The most famous example of uprisings was when a Parisian mob captured the Bastille, a royal armory and prison. The fall of the Bastille became a popular symbol of the victory of liberty over despotism and, along with other uprisings, helped to ensure the survival of the National Assembly.
             On August 26, 1798, the National Assembly adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. This document, similar to the United States" "Declaration of Independence", stated that "liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression" are "the natural and imprescriptible rights of man", and represented the idealistic intentions of the people. However, Louis XVI initially refused to recognize and implement the declaration, for it was not until a Parisian mob marched to Versailles and forced the king and his family to come to Paris, that he accepted the decrees. Two years later, the National Assembly completed their constitution, establishing a limited constitutional monarchy. While there was still a king, sovereign power was now vested in a new Legislative Assembly. .
             This new government, however, had problems of its own. In April of 1792, the Legislative Assembly declared war on Austria. After faring badly in the fighting and now facing an Austrian invasion, a Parisian mob, who were seeking scapegoats, attacked the Royal Palace and Legislative Assembly. The king was then taken captive and the Assembly was forced to suspend the monarchy, while also calling for a new National Convention to choose the future form of government. In the mean time, the Paris Commune, made up of people calling themselves the sans-culottes, assumed control of France until the National Assembly could be convened. The san-culottes were urban workers and artisans who constituted the most radical elements of the revolution. They sought revenge on people who supported the king, massacring thousands of presumed traders.


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