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War


            
             In the midst of a nation overcoming a civil war lies the potential for immediate changes. Such changes occurred after the Civil War, in which a time of uncertainty and a hope towards a better future lay ahead for both races. Three immediate consequences of the Civil War; the three Reconstruction amendments (13th, 14th, & 15th), life after slavery, and westward expansion were the most significant to the extent that they played a crucial part in constructing a still yet ripening nation. .
             The three Reconstruction amendments were major elements in this era. They provided clear definitions to parts of the Constitution in regards to citizenship, suffrage, and slavery. At the same time, they helped mend a broken nation and bring it back together by facilitating readmission of ex-confederate states back into the Union upon ratification. After Lincoln"'s assassination, Johnson required all ex-confederate states to ratify the 13th Amendment, which freed the slaves. Congress approved it in 1865 and it was ratified that same year in December. The major issue of the Civil War had now been conquered and after hundreds of years of legalized slavery, its existence ceased in the U.S. Congress adopted the 14th Amendment in 1866. It contained four provisions: (1) Defined citizenship to those who were born or naturalized in the U.S. (2) Consequential loss of congressional representation to states that denied male suffrage (3) Banned officeholders who had supported the Confederacy from holding state or national office (4) Repudiated federal debt and acknowledged the validity of the federal debt. It was an ambitious attempt to deal with freed slaves and the problems of reconstruction. For the first time, there was a national effort to limit states"" power over civil and political rights. Republicans drew up the 15th Amendment, which was aimed to prohibit denial of suffrage on the basis of race, color, or previous servitude.


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