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Ethics of Social Behavioral ResearchAbstract Social behavioral research can involve non-human animals and human subjects. Until 1960 social behavior was devoid of any concept regarding right and wrong method of conducting research. Subsequently code of ethics was developed for research with both animal and human subjects. Animal research has been deemed important for both animal welfare as well as humanity at large. Yet historically many researchers have inflicted harm to animals. Cotemporary research with animal subjects is guided by Ethical and Animal Care Committees as well as APA ethical guidelines. It is recommended that any such research should be under provisions of country's legislation and highly significant towards scientific knowledge. In all cases animals should be taken care of and their exposure to harm minimized. Research involving human subjects should be approved by IRB and deception only be used if its absolutely necessary for research. Informed consent, debriefing, confidentially, voluntary participat |
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Music of the Early Lutheran ChurchDuring the history of music, some of the most significant developments were due to religious motivation. The Renaissance era in Europe was characterized by an attitude of reform and pursuit of knowledge. A religious reformation was on its way to hit Europe in the beginning of the 16th century. This would cause a division between the Catholic Church and the new Lutheran Church. Martin Luther would lead this reform and break from the Catholic Church and will eventually fuel new musical traditions and composers. Martin Luther, an Augustinian monk and professor at the University of Wittenberg, was responsible for leading the Reformation in Europe in the early 16th century. During the time he was studying theology he encountered a great dilemma. He would question the idea of achieving salvation through one's merits and good deeds in a world filled with immorality. This lead to an epiphany, which he called his "tower experience,"" where he claimed that the just individual shall reach salvat |
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Biography of Basketball Star Michael JordanIn 1891, Dr. James Naismith invented the game of basketball. Subsequently, the game popularized, thus establishing the ABA and eventually, the NBA. When the NBA was in its prime, Magic Johnson and Larry Bird were big names that represented the league well, however, the true face of the league was Michael Jordan. Although Jordan managed to accomplish feats that will seemingly never be surpassed, his impact off the court was just as great as it was on the court, as he maintained a celebrity status that has caused a younger generation to appreciate his presence, whether it his through his famed sneaker line or through the extensive community service he has performed. Michael Jeffrey Jordan, born on February 17, 1963, is most well known as a legendary basketball player and an entrepreneur, but he had ways to go before he claimed that title (King, 570). As a sophomore at Laney High in Wilmington, North Carolina, Michael Jordan encountered one of many notable shortcomings when he was cut fr |
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Crucible - Literary AnalysisHow does a one repent in a society where there is only sin? John Proctor was a well respected man in Salem, Massachusetts. Despite his outstanding reputation, Proctor had committed the sin of adultery and, when the Salem Witch Trials began, it had been almost eight months since he saw his mistress, Abigail Williams. Throughout the play, Proctor struggles to redeem himself while also trying to save his wife from being hanged and fix his marriage. In The Crucible, written by Arthur Miller, John Proctor has damned his soul as a lecher and seems to be trying to find forgiveness within his self. In the first scene with Proctor and Abigail, John makes it clear that their relationship was a mistake and will never happen again by clearly stating, "Abby, I may think of you softly from time to time. But I will cut off my hand before I'll ever reach for you again" (146). John obviously feels remorseful for what he's done and tries to make it clear to Abigail that their affair is over |
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The Changing Culture of Rural BarbadosAs an anthropologist begins his or her journey in exploring a culture different" from his or her own, he or she must attempt to view it through a culturally relative lens. This entails one to leave their own beliefs and practices at the door and embody another culture's daily life, faith, rituals, and language. Such is easier said than done for our predisposed judgments and opinions have become involuntary thoughts. However, the most efficient way for an anthropologist to accomplish understanding a different culture avoiding any trace of ethnocentrism is to partake in anthropological fieldwork. Anthropological fieldwork includes applying oneself fully to a culture foreign to what they consider to be their own culture. In doing so, the anthropologist is able to experience the culture first hand and would then be able to publish an authentic ethnography based on their first hand involvement with the every day living and the essence of the people belonging to that culture. An ethnography |
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Carthaginian Cavalry at the Battle of CannaeThe topic about what began the Second Punic War has been discussed by many Historians. Polybius and Livy, the main authorities, in regards to the battle differ in their opinion about what exactly initiated battle between Rome and Carthage. Before the start of the Second Punic War, Carthage had recently faced defeat in the Sicilian War. Hamilcar Barca had not come to terms with his defeat. Polybius notes: His spirit remained unbowed after the Sicilian War; he remained imprisoned and watched out for a chance to attack. Hamilcar's best efforts would have been directed towards restarting war with Rome and ensuring that it would happen. As a result of their defeat, Carthaginian power began to decline and the Romans took advantage of this opportunity. That action is depicted in this quote from Adrian Goldsworthy, "However, in the closing stages of the rebellion, they seized Sardinia and threatened a renewal of war if Carthage resisted." The Roman action was blatantly cynical and emphasized j |
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Death of a Government Clerk - ChekhovAnton Chekhov's stories often portray a gradual decline and the cyclic self-crushing conditions of his characters, however, in this extended meditation focus will remain on Chekhov's Death of a Government Clerk will illuminate not simply the physical death of the clerk, but of the metaphorical demise he suffers through the socioeconomically induced death of his dignity. As the story begins, Chekhov paints a picture of our antagonist, the clerk, Dmitritch Chervyakov, enjoying himself at the opera as any "fine clerk" would do. Shortly after his respectable introduction of our main character he interjects with a "But suddenly" and goes on to foreshadow that this "but suddenly" will be a catalyst in the story. This interjection is followed by an unbridled sneeze. After the sneeze Chekhov makes a point to explain that every man sneezes, "It is not reprehensible for anyone to sneeze anywhere. Peasants sneeze and so do police superintendents, and sometimes even privy councilors. All men sneeze." It is this last sentence that seems to undermine the rest of the story, for as the clerk sees it, hi |
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Democratic Deficit and the United KingdomThe phrase "democratic deficit" describes any situation in which there is believed to be a lack of democratic accountability and control over the decision making process. The main areas in which this is apparent in the UK are within; The House of Lords, the lack of Proportional Representation, low voter turnout and the influence on the EU on UK policy making. In many ways the House of Lords is undemocratic, purely because of its make up. The fact that 92 peers remain on the basis of the hereditary principle is largely undemocratic because they are not elected into their position and thus do not reflect the will of their people. Similarly the other members also are not elected but instead are dubiously appointed due to party patronage and therefore lack legitimacy. On the other hand there has to be a liaison between The House of Lords and The House of Commons "which is made up of elected MP's" meaning that the impact of this democratic deficit is minimal. To combat issues of democratic deficit as far as The House of Lord's is concerned, we could introduce an elected second chamber, upholding legitimacy. There is a lack of p |
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Solid Foundations of PhilosophyIn this paper, I will argue that reason is a solid foundation for philosophical inquiry. I will support this claim by arguing that it helps us to reach higher levels of understanding and also that it assists in producing and evaluating arguments. Some critics deny this and argue that reasoning is used to mislead others' knowledge. In reply to this, I will argue that using particular methods of reasoning, such as dialectic, ensures the validity of reasons, and hence, why philosophical inquiry is based on the primacy of reason. To begin with, reasoning can help us to reach higher levels of understanding, particularly when it is approached through Aristotle's dialectic method. The dialectic method of reasoning begins with a common belief, which is described in Irwin (1990) as "the things prior and better known to us from which inquiry begins,"then poses and answers questions until it has been fully examined, and a conclusion free of bias has been reached. The method "follows a log |
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Biography of John SteinbeckJohn Steinbeck is a successful American author. He was born on February 27, 1902 in Salinas, California not too long after the Civil War had ended. Many of his novels deal with social or economic issues of this time, including some of his most successful works such as "In Dubious Battle" (1936), "Of Mice and Men" (1937), "The Long Valley" (1938), and "The Grapes of Wrath" (1939). These are great successes, but just why did he start writing? There were many influential people and circumstances in his life, most notably his early literary exposure from his mother and other sources, his desire to tell the story of the migrant workers and the land, and his strong and beneficial friendship with Ed Ricketts. This unique combination gave him the experiences and the desire to become a successful writer. John Steinbeck gained a love of reading and writing from a very early age. There were always books accessible in his home. His mother, Olive Steinbeck, was a school teacher and would encourage |
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Natural and Artificial SweetenersIn many restaurants, they serve Splenda and natural sugar side by side in the little white boxes as if they are equal to each other. Splenda is a fad that has been going on since the mid 2000's and is the most popular sugar-replacement substance that many people use in coffee, tea, soda drinks and many other desserts. Americans don't know how faulty the perfect white powder is. There are many side-effects that aren't worth the alternative option that include increased body weight, migraines, and questionable statistics by Splenda company. Although I acknowledge the fact that Splenda has less calories than natural sugar, I claim that Americans should only use natural sugar to sweeten foods and drinks because of the chemicals resulting in digestive problems, the benefits of being able to regulate blood sugar levels by consuming natural sugar in moderation, and the risks of consuming Splenda. Americans should use only natural sugar to sweeten their food and drinks because Splenda is su |
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Telstra Communications - AustraliaThe Australian telecommunication industry is mainly dominated by Telstra, Optus and Vodafone. According to the 2013 Australian market report, Telstra has about 60% of the market share. The industry revenues were about $42.5 billion in 2013, which was a slight decrease from the revenues of 2012 (Paul & Henry 2013b). The decline was mainly attributed to price wars among operators and the uncertain economic times. The 2015 appropriations indicate the revenues are likely to decline further by a margin of between one and two percent. Most mobile voice and fixed line services have reached market saturation. Therefore, opportunities to increase revenues are limited to mobile data services including cloud data housing, fiber and long-term evolution (LTE) or 4G technologies. As the fixed line telephony declines, the broadband market is rapidly expanding and is set to become a major revenue contributor to the telecom operators (Paul & Henry 2013a). The introduction of 4G network has accelerated |
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Newport - Advertising CigarettesNewport is a very popular choice of cigarettes. These cigarettes have been around since 1957 and still making billions of dollars. Newport cigarettes are considered to be one of the most popular choice of cigarettes. Overtime, the ads have elevated to match the time period. Drastic changes occurred in the ads in 28 years' time. Details varied as society accepted different things as it did before. Amazingly some things remained the same, and proved that society hasn't changed as much as the world may think. The Newport cigarette advertising in 1985 shows four White- American people; two males and two females. These four friends are having a regular fun day out with friends at a waterpark. The people are wearing swimsuits to show off their amazing physiques. Everyone in the photo seems care-free and excited. "Newport " is plastered across the top of the picture in green bold letters. A slogan "After all, if smoking isn't a pleasure, why bother? " is printed in orange text at the bottom r |
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My Slow Educational ClimbSeeing the failing grades killed me. I was mad about the time and money wasted but that was nothing compared to the disappointment from my parents. They remained supportive but I felt they were worried for what was to come of me. They have given me everything, but there was very little I had given them in return. I wanted nothing more than success but I was unable to form any of the habits essential to acquire that goal we all want me to reach. I was able to graduate from high school but taking college courses with a full time job was something I could not handle. I dreaded going to work but even more so I hated my classes. Coming home from work at night, I chose to relax instead of doing my work. I would sit there thinking about all of the schoolwork I needed to do but could never find the motivation. That forced me to stop taking classes but I hoped to one-day restart on the pathway towards success. Six months later I was doing nothing but working, slaving away at my dead end job. M |
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Moral Corruption in The Great GatsbyIn F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, the American Dream has become corrupted and this can be seen in the behavior of the novels characters. The novel's main characters Tom and Daisy Buchanan show disrespect for anyone in a lower class or social standing than them. From the very beginning of the novel, Daisy's excitement to tell Nick about their butlers deformed nose shows how disrespectful they are to people who are physically different from them: "I'll tell you a family a secret..Its about the butlers nose. Do you want to hear about the butlers nose?" This shows how people in rich, 1920s America think and behave in a rude and inconsiderate fashion. We see her characters true nature later in the novel when Daisy and Gatsby are coming back from the city, Daisy kills Myrtle Wilson by hitting her with the car, but Daisy doesn't even flinch at the fact that she just killed a woman. In addition to Daisys rude nature, Tom Buchana |
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Moral Direction and Racism - Huck FinnAs time progresses, students in high school utilize different methods to gain insight into past events and the culture that surrounds a particular time period. Uncovering the truth regarding a sensitive time in history can be accomplished through reading novels often deemed controversial, in this case, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain. If students are not exposed to these types of novels, they remain oblivious to the history and lose an opportunity to shape their own moral beliefs and opinions. The sensitive topics of racism and the culture that surrounded this time period are extensively discussed in Twain's novel, benefiting students as it adds to their knowledge regarding African American treatment. When assessing a novel to see whether it qualifies for high school curriculum, one of the criterion follows that the piece of literature must offer a new perspective and truthful sense of the time period and its cultural elements that cannot be found in less controversial |
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Vermeer's Girl with a Pearl EarringLocated in the de Young Museum - for a short period of time - lies the Girl with a Pearl Earring, a portrait by the Dutch painter, Johannes Vermeer. It was painted back in 1665, during the Baroque period, with the use of oil on canvas. Girl with a Pearl Earring is considered to be one of Vermeer's most famous piece of work. At first, it was named Girl with a Turban but later renamed in the latter half of the twentieth century. Now, the painting is also described as the "Mona Lisa of the North" or "the Dutch Mona Lisa." Unfortunately, not much is known about Johannes Vermeer. Today, there are still no confirmed images of Vermeer himself. Just like how we know Michelangelo Caravaggio's life through his police records, there is some information on Vermeer through legal documents. It is known that Vermeer married Catharine Bolenes, a girl raised in a Catholic family. He then proceeded to convert to Catholicism for his mother in law. Due to his conversion to Catholicism in 1 |
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The Positives of a Quality EducationEducation is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world, Nelson Mandela; A popular quote used by individuals who proclaim that all youths should be given the opportunity to an education to become part of an outstanding future generation. Belize, a nation that aspires to escalate from being a third world country has not yet reached its peak of improvement to higher levels of quality education, especially in the primary and secondary institutions. Quality education is Belizes missing piece in the puzzle to begin its journey away from its present rank. It seems that the Ministry of Education hasnt done enough to empower Belizes engine to move forward. This has been one of the reasons why many students who have an associates degree do not qualify to work or study in a foreign country. The level of education in Belize is so low that universities like Harvard and Oxford would not even consider an applicant with an associates degree from Belize. As young Belizean adults, |
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Structure of The Yellow WallpaperThe structure of The Yellow Wallpaper creates a sense of immediacy and intimacy. The story is written in a journal-style, first-person narrative which includes nine short entries, each entry indicated by a small space between it and the last. The journal entries span three months during which John attempts to cure his wife's "nervous condition" through the rest cure of Weir Mitchell, which assumes that intellectual stimulation damages a woman physically and psychologically. In the beginning of the story, the narrator appears sane and believable, but as the story continues, the reader realizes that she is unreliable because she withholds and confuses information. By the end, the structure-short paragraphs, fragmented and disjointed thought patterns- reflects the narrator's mental disorder. Through the revelations contained in the journal, the reader is allowed an intimate view of the narrator's gradual mental breakdown. The journal begins when John and the narrator move into a temporary home John has procured to provide the narrator the break from routine that he |
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Living in My Home Town"Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed, citizens can change the world. Indeed it is the only thing that ever has." - Margaret Mead I have been lucky enough to call Ione my home for my entire life. I have always loved the small town feel of Amador County and especially Ione. I have been able to accomplish so many milestones with the support of the community of Ione. Living here has given me the opportunity to become active in many community organizations. I have been able to participate in the planning and execution of the beloved Ione Homecoming, help the Ione Rotary with their fundraisers through the Argonaut Future Farmers of America, or FFA. I have also been lucky enough to be able to work with a young boy who is diagnosed with Autism disorder. Living in a small community has helped me become the person I am today, and for that I will forever be thankful. For as long as I remember, my family and I have been in the Ione Picnic Association. We have been helping with the planning and the executio |
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America and the Mexican Drug WarAmerica is to blame for Mexico's recent splurge of violence related to the drug wars happening between competing cartels to supply America's insatiable appetite for drugs. It is a bold statement that challenges the even definition of Mexico's economy, our classical and conservative view of the demonization of Mexico's culture, and the reputation of America itself. One has to go past patriotism and look at humanity as a whole being struck by the increasing violence. Where do the drugs that America consumes come from? If drugs are illegal why do they keep on passing the border? Why can't America supply for their own drugs? Is America supplying the very gun power that cartels use? Are the cartels coming to get guns to America or are we supplying guns directly to them? Illicit drug use in America has been increasing. In 2012 an estimated twenty-four-million Americans had used and illicit drug in their past month. This represent an up of eight percent since 2002 (NIDA). Likewise, in Mexic |
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Fighting in NHL HockeyWe've all seen NHL Ice hockey players drop their gloves and start swinging at each other. Fighting in Ice hockey has been an ongoing tradition and is an unwritten rule for many decades. Ice hockey has always been seen along the lines of being "barbaric," "boxing on ice," and "long on blood, short on teeth." And is associated with the stereotype that hockey players are nothing but "goons" who enjoy bloody fights while promoting violence to the viewers. As a die heart fan of hockey for almost all my life I can honestly say that there is nothing that can get home town crowd excited to their feet than a fight in hockey; sixteen thousand fans on their feet just by dropping the gloves, is one of the most amazing feeling in the world which cannot be seen in any other sports. In this essay, I will be arguing that fighting in Ice hockey (NHL) should be in fact allowed at the right time and right place. After all, opposite to what the stereotypes may claim, fighting in Ice hockey actually preven |
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Dropping of the Atom BombThe dropping of the atom bomb is one of the most controversial and unique events that has ever occurred in US history, and world history for that matter. The Second World War was slowly winding down with the defeat of Nazi Germany, but stubborn and die hard Japan remained a threat in the Far East. The Allies were very weary of the fighting, especially the United States, whom was the largest participant in the Pacific theater. Although the dropping of the bomb can be justified or refuted, depending in what one believes, there were indeed major political and military reasons as to why the bomb was ultimately dropped. With the expansion of Japanese power in the Pacific being contained and pushed back, Washington was finally able to begin planning an invasion of main islands of Japan. There was however a very big problem an invasion. According to the American Pageant, An invasion that presumably would cost hundreds of tho |
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Medicine and the Nuremberg Code"U.S government doctors once thought it was fine to experiment on disabled people and prison inmates" (Stobbe). According to writer, Mike Stobbe, he wrote in his article Ugly past of U.S. Human Experiments Uncovered, that such experiments involved giving hepatitis and cancer cells to mentally, and chronically ill patients. Shocking as it may seem, there have been many studies that involved making perfectly healthy people sick. However, these studies took place 40 to 80 years ago. Although human experiments have been conducted for research purposes over the years, the development of HeLa cells and the Nuremberg Code have changed the way research is now conducted. For many years patients did not have rights. Common medical practice meant that physicians made decisions for their patients (patient rights). In Dani Veracity's article Human medical experimentation in the United States: The shocking true history of modern medicine and psychiatry (1833-1965) she relates that subjecting live human beings to science experiments that are sometimes cruel, sometimes painful, sometimes dea |
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The Interpersonal Experience of Self-DefinitionWhen considering the definition of a "social group,"" we must look closely at the perspective in which a given group views society. Several common factors determining a person's sense of group identity are race, religion, gender, and athletics or other social priorities. Generally, we can say that individuals collaborate with other individuals to form a sort of "team ". This "team " isn't just formed randomly. Usually, a group is formed of people who share some sort of common interest. In the photo art piece, entitled Cause Beautiful: Hipstamatic Aims to Empower Young People, Olivier Laurent delivers to the viewer a fascinating puzzle regarding the underlying basis of identification among a group of African American youths. Laurent seems to challenge the viewer to try to define the role fashion plays in the formation of this group's social identity, as well as in the identity formation of its individual members. What first catches the viewer's gaze in Laurent's picture are a series |
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