... state has been President Johannes Rau. The president is elected for a five-year term by a Federal Convention, including all members of the Federal Assembly, and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments. The last election was held May 23, 1999. The head of government is Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder who has been in office since October 27,1998. The chancellor is ... elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Assembly for a four-year term. The Cabinet, or Bundesminister, (Federal Ministers) is appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor. In t...

• Word Count: 1319
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... country's Head of State5; while the Chancellor, currently Angela Merkel, is the country's Head of Government. 6 The experiences of Weimar, the period that led to Nazi Germany, affected the Federal President's position over the years. In the past, Presidents had powers that gave them the ability ... to annul basic laws as well as rule with emergency law.7 After government reconstruction and unification in 1990 there was a decrease of power for the presidential role. "The position of the Federal President was deliberately conceived as weak and it can well be questioned whether ... , curren...

• Word Count: 981
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... European states are enviable, including the Oder-Neisse line and the border between East and West Germany. A further step was the Four Power Agreement in Berlin in 1971. The Federal Republic Government linked its ratification of the German-Soviet treaty with a successful resolution of the Berlin problem. The last significant step was the basic treaty between the two Germany's. After many months ... , an agreement was signed in 1972. In 1972 the agreement ratified the next year, which normalized the access between the Federal Republic Government and West Berlin and made it possible for We...

• Word Count: 1311
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• Grade Level: High School

... citizens from the German Democratic Republic: They wanted to be identified with Brandenburg, Berlin, Mecklenburg West- Pomerania, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia rather than with the GDR. Germany's federal system − in deed − is a highly complicated one. Nevertheless, by and large it was handled successfully. German politicians and the German electorate have learned to cope with ... economic competencies. Also the criteria of Maastricht - under current discussion with the threatening "early warning- for Germany's budget deficit, rejected last week (not really fully successful, as ...

• Word Count: 5120
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• Grade Level: High School

... European Union and one the world's best economies Germany has become major player within the world today. Modern Germany is a federal, as well as parliamentary democratic entity today found throughout many countries in Europe as well. Operating under the government framework, known as Grundgetsetz or Basic Law, instilled by the allied nations after World War II in 1949, and completely breaking ... free of its eastern Soviet form of government. The country is headed by a representative President that is elected by federal conventions. The current president Joachim Gauk, who focuses prima...

• Word Count: 1183
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Constitution and Parliament -, Bismarck's position of authority was safeguarded in the constitution of the Empire. The Empire was a federal state, its powers and functions divided between the federal government and the 25 states, which it comprised. While no longer sovereign or free to secede, the states preserved their own ... . They were free to legislate for a variety of local matters, including raising their own taxation. But the federal government controlled the armed forces and was responsible for foreign policy, civil and criminal law, banking, press regulations and taxation for i...

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... continually been increasing it's industrial power, it had an enormous amount of capitol to invest as it saw fit. Many private (as well as federal) institutions began lending money to Europeans in astronomical amounts. In this way, in the 4-6 years surrounding WWI, the USA went from a borrowing ... to resolve the problem. Beginning in 1935, extensive efforts were made by both federal and state governments to develop adequate programs for soil conservation and for the rehabilitation of the dust bowl. Eventually, thanks to government aid, farming became possible again in the Dust Bowl; cons...

• Word Count: 2446
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• Grade Level: High School

... way to modernise their own economy, combined with the advantage of gaining a comfortable instrument with which to control the German economy. After the founding of the European Communities the Adenauer government used EEC as a forum for creation of a European power policy with the aim of establishing European political union. West German diplomacy tried to balance national interests in Western Europe ... for Adenauer to demonstrate the menace of communist expansion towards Western Europe. He requested security guarantees from allied powers in case of social revolution or a surprise attac...

• Word Count: 1843
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... upon Biz, who had a reputation as a conservative with courage, to stand firm against the parliament. He wanted Biz to become prime minister and defy parliament; spend the money the government requested (despite the unconstitutional nature of such an act) and break the liberal opposition. Biz-with a very limited knowledge of economics, no experience in social policy making, and caring nothing ... Lorraine spoke French, and many of those who spoke German as a first language considered themselves French rather than German. As a province administered by the Reich government and -- until 191...

• Word Count: 10254
• Approx Pages: 41
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The German system of government is often referred to as a "Chancellor democracy" owing to the powers and responsibilities of the Federal Chancellor, head of federal government. The Chancellor is directly elected by the bundestag, Germany's parliament, upon the proposal of a candidate from the Federal President, currently Prof. Dr. Roman Herzog. The Chancellor is the only member of the government elected by the parliament and he alone is accountable to it. The Chancellor chooses the federal ministers that will compose the cabinet and proposes them to the President for appointment or dismissal. ...

• Word Count: 167
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• Grade Level: High School

... give him more power and resemble Russia's past leaders. However, Russia is making a step toward balancing its political power over the different parts of government despite being a federalist nation. Russia's legislative structure is known as the Federal Assembly, which is split into two parts. The Federation Council is the lower house and the State Duma in the upper house. The political party ... people despite the many different ethnic and tribal groups. Second, they educate the people about issues within the country that they should be concerned with. Third, they legitimize how the g...

• Word Count: 812
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to increase faster than that of any other major industrialized country. http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67899/steven-rattner/the-secrets-of-germanys-success Germany also has a very influential government. Germany's government has many social programs or benefits that are provided for its people. For example, they have German federalism, much as in the United States and Switzerland, binds the ... country's external unity with its internal diversity. Preserving that regional diversity is the traditional task of the federal system. This function today acquires new substance in the fo...

• Word Count: 1035
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... quite some time; in 1848 the Liberal Nationalists saw the opportunity to unite Germany following the revolutions of "48, and the subsequent changes in government and constitution, on this occasion the nationalist outcry resulted in the formation of a Federal Diet at Frankfurt. This German Confederation excluded Austria, because of her anti-unity policy, preferring rather a loose "middle-Europe" coalition. Ever ... since first being appointed Prussian representative to the Federal Diet in 1851, Bismarck had urged the Prussian Government to seize power in the German Confederation. He had b...

• Word Count: 1515
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• Grade Level: Graduate

... the effects of these revolutions were quite similar. As well, all of the nations involved shared the common goals of implementing democratic systems of government and moving to market economies. In each of these nations, the communist regimes in power were forced to transfer that power to radically ... the pitfalls of constitution-building would have been easily-avoided due to the advantages Germany had), because the leaders of the GDR had joined the Federal Republic by accession and, accordingly, allowed its Basic Law to be extended over their territory. For all the good that seemed to...

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• Grade Level: High School

Poverty in Germany The Frankfurt based Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft der Sozialhilfeiniziativen (BAG-SHIe.V.) is a federal umbrella of welfare claimants' organisations, providing advice, training, briefings, lobbying and advocacy. It is currently campaigning to exempt child benefit from welfare means testing. Here Erika Biehn and Jens Schr& ... resisted this. Since 1990, 17 % of claims for basic needs have been unmet. Neither the lãnder nor the local authorities, which have to meet social welfare costs, nor the federal government are willing to meet this deficit. Those who are responsible for th...

• Word Count: 1273
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• Grade Level: High School

... doctrine in the Russian zone of Germany at the end of the war, led to the disappearance of Wirtschaftsprufer métier. With the Treaty of Unification between the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic of August 31, 1991, the Wirtschaftsprufer profession re-asserted itself. The WPO law regulating the profession of statutory accountants became ... to an audit in Germany, the Steuerberater reactivated their historic claim that they should be authorised to undertake these audits, in direct competition with the Wirtschaftsprufer. The German government, however, rejected ...

• Word Count: 1649
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... not help to overcome the issue of increasing dog attacks. A recent independent report by veterinary expert Dr. Kersti Sekel commissioned by the Victorian Government claims that banning specific breeds of dogs has failed in other countries such as US, UK, Canada or Germany and found that the ... dangerous dogs are a result of poor ownership. Even if dangerous breeds of dogs were banned the most significant issue would be of identification. Federal Minister Harry Woods addressed the parliament in a recent discussion and reported that "there is no DNA test available to differentiate between...

• Word Count: 1794
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... short jail term that kept him alive to come to power a decade later. What actually happened took place on November 8 1923; the Bavarian government convened a meeting with about 3000 officials in attendance. While the prime minister of Bavaria, Gustav Von Kahr, was giving his speech, armed storm ... how "Munich Putsch" came to pass. World War I ended in disaster for the Germans, The policies of the Weimar Republic, the government that replaced the Kaiser, led to inflation and compete economic chaos due to its inability to pay back reparations outlined in the Treaty of Versailles ... weal...

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... II, Germany divided into four sections or zones. While this was meant to be a temporary move, the Cold War interceded and eventually the three western zones combined to form the Federal Republic of Germany while the eastern zone formed the German Democratic Republic. (Sandford) Berlin, the capital was also divided. The two areas of Germany, East Germany and West Germany began ... hardship. West Germany's economic plan for restructuring East Germany would not be feasible. It was soon realized that the east was in far worse condition that originally believed. The German Government imposed...

• Word Count: 861
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... targeted by the Nazi's, were oppositional political parties, such as the Communist. Upon taking office in early 1933, Hitler and his government prohibited all Communists assemblies and Communist media. As well, outlawed meetings and rallies being held by the Social Democrats or had them smashed ... head of the Nazi party, and perform "the general policy laid down by the Reich Chancellor."" Essentially, by demolishing Germany's traditional federal-type state by abolishing the separate powers within the state, Hitler and the Nazi party unified the country. However, the central authority i...

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... party had grown to about three thousand members and Hitler was voted the leader of the Nazi Party. In an attempt to overthrow the democratic government, Hitler was put into jail for nine months. While in jail, Hitler wrote the book, Mein Kampf, which further expressed his views and ... am his to the end. My last doubts have vanished. Germany will live. Heil Hitler!" The Nazi's gained even more, powering the local government offices by replacing legitimate office holders with the Nazi Reich commissioners. Thousands of political enemies were arrested and thrown in old Army barracks and aba...

• Word Count: 2385
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• Grade Level: High School

... is today a substantial risk that Germany will become a powerful nationalistic dictatorship as it did in 1933. My reasons for this is that there are preventative apparatus built into the Federal Republic of Germany's government and that the German people today have more faith in democracy that the did post 1933. First lets take a look at built-in preventative measures I talk about. Germany ... dangerous political parties illegal. The last two apparatuses that I will point out is Germany's two-plus party system and its" split electoral system. In Germany's two-plus party system, the gover...

• Word Count: 530
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

... party had grown to about three thousand members and Hitler was voted the leader of the Nazi Party. In an attempt to overthrow the democratic government, Hitler was put into jail for nine months. While in jail, Hitler wrote the book, Mein Kampf, which further expressed his views and ... am his to the end. My last doubts have vanished. Germany will live. Heil Hitler!" The Nazi's gained even more, powering the local government offices by replacing legitimate office holders with the Nazi Reich commissioners. Thousands of political enemies were arrested and thrown in old Army barracks and aba...

• Word Count: 2272
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

... "After the war, control of Germany was divided among four of the Allied Forces - Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States. The Federal Republic of Germany was created when Britain, France and the United States joined their sections. The Soviet section became the German Democratic Republic."" (Lane page 12) ... Plan, was meant to help the economy after the War. It succeeded. During the 1950s, West Germany's economy grew more slowly. The country's Soviet government was involved in what was called the Cold War. It had broken almost all contact with the western world and ref...

• Word Count: 1686
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• Grade Level: High School

... to defend Belgium World War I had begun. Canada, a member of the British Empire, was now legally at war with Britain. The Canadian government was not consulted about going to war. Many Canadians were strong supporters of the British at this time and proudly went to war by choice. ... World Wars) 101700 Canadians were killed or missing. The loss of these lives is one that could never been replaced. Both wars cost the Canadian government 23 billion dollars, putting Canada into great debt. Also, the unity crisis created by conscription1 has been yet another damage to a country that ... ca...

• Word Count: 1439
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School