... broadband systems that we know are referred to as " the dirt road" (pg 53). The "paved highway" that scientist are trying to reach will most likely be made up of laser fiber optics (pg 53). The laser is expected to carry information 10 to 100 times faster than our current connections. By mixing common-sense programs and ... laser fiber optics could truly turn the Internet into a "Magic Mirror" (pg 44). If we are to ever have a true Magic Mirror then we must first invent a machine that is able ... ...

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• Grade Level: High School

... ends of the fingers. By defining the hand span to be measured, discrepancies between measurements should have been reduced giving rise to more accurate and reliable results. Foot length: The foot length was measured from the back of the heel to the end of the big toe when placed on a flat surface. This measurement excluded any nail extending over the ... determine its strength, characteristic (i.e. positive or negative) and significance. 1 - 6 x Åd2 n(n2-1) = 1- 6 x 19711 100(1002-1) = 1- 118266 999900 = 0.882 (3sf) The value for the correlation between hand span and foot length is 0....

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... face of his famous painting, the Mona Lisa, around golden rectangles. Furthermore, some of Mozart's most famous sonatas are divided into two parts, whose length is the golden ratio. In fact, this number is so powerfull that the ancient Greek mathematicians and Pythagoras considered the number Phi to be godly. Today ... made use of the golden ratio and incorporated it in their work. Another example would be the Christian cross; the ratio of the vertical length to the horizontal length is the golden ratio. Furthermore, many of us use golden rectangles at least once a day, when we use a cre...

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... . The envelope glycoproteins are thought to be the major elements involved in induction of immunity to hantaviruses. Genomic RNA of hantavirus shows relatively few differences in length between the L and M segments. However, the S segment varies in length mainly in its 3' noncoding region. The noncoding region specific to the S segment is made up of numerous imprecise repeats. Both the 3' and 5' ends ... prime-and-realign mechanism of replication resulting in 5' ends containing only monophosphate. The S segment 3' NCR represents the most puzzling aspect of the hantavirus genome. Within a ...

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... term. Scientific discovery is often implemented before society understands the results of the new idea. Science advances at a rate faster than the understanding of the total consequences of a discovery. Asbestos, laser eye surgery, and now human cloning have demonstrated how discovery can lead to unanticipated results. The scientific breakthrough of giving birth to a human clone caught the world off guard. The ... ...

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... equivalent of a computer programming loop" and copies itself repeatedly. This takes place at the end of each chromosome and/or in tons of other identifiable locations along "DNA's six-foot length" (Schefter 2-3). This process results in a genetic fingerprint. A fingerprint comes from a purified DNA sample which has been made into billions of copies and identified by types found in that sample (Cheney ... 3). Genetic fingerprinting uses the complex technology of an electrical field to separate DNA pieces by length and radioactive material to create a mark on an X-ray film of and individu...

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... fact that Lamarck believes Giraffes have long necks because their ancestors stretched their necks because their ancestors stretched their necks to browse on the leaves; and that this increase in length was passed on to succeeding generations. This seemed unreasonable because people had been cutting off tails of many dogs but they never resulted in an offspring born without a tail for ... correct. Darwin observed that wild animals and plants showed variations just as domesticated animals and plants did. He filled his notebooks with records of height, weight, color, claw size, tail length...

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... knows how long after death the eggs are laid, and how fast the larvae grow, he then has the lenth of time the corpse have been exposed to insects. This length of time is the minimum PMI. So, if all the information exists the entomologists can put it together to obtain a fairly precise estimate of the minimum time the body must ... of time and recovery of the victims blood can also create a link between perpetrator and suspect. When estimating the PMI, climatological data about the crime scene is absolutely critical. The length of the insect life cycle is determined mostly by temperature...

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... on HGP but with NIH played the main role. The work of U.S. HGP could be divided into two parts: finish genetic map, i.e. the distance between 2-5 centimorgans (1 centimorgan equal to the length of 1 million bases) to distinguish the genes' location; and finish physical map, i.e. figure out all the genes sequence in chromosomes. After the establishment of U.S. HGP, the other countries followed and ... up gene database. Originally the scientists use E.Coli plasmid which can only carry short fragments, but now they changed to use Yeast Artificial Chromosomes (YAC) to carry fragments and th...

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... knows how long after death the eggs are laid, and how fast the larvae grow, he then has the lenth of time the corpse have been exposed to insects. This length of time is the minimum PMI. So, if all the information exists the entomologists can put it together to obtain a fairly precise estimate of the minimum time the body must ... of time and recovery of the victims blood can also create a link between perpetrator and suspect. When estimating the PMI, climatological data about the crime scene is absolutely critical. The length of the insect life cycle is determined mostly by temperature...

• Word Count: 2083
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... of three different phylogenies and one final data alignment of both COX1 gene and 16s. The evolutionary history was inferred using the Maximum Parsimony method. The most parsimonious tree with length = 7303 is shown. The consistency index is 0.465425 (0.462333), the retention index is 0.459878 (0.459878), and the composite index is 0.214039 (0.212617) for all sites and parsimony-informative sites (in ... ...

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... 4, each of our samples contained a contaminant (RNA), which is why our gel has bands in it. The very high band in lane 7 is my DNA (my partner had lane 8). The length of this band suggests a high concentration of contaminants in my sample, which could possibly be a result of the previous errors I made such as poor pipetting techniques. The second part of ... ...

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... virus" nucleic acid, making enough DNA copies to be analyzed" (Garcia). This results in the detection of all PPV strains. The PCR was then combined with a method called restriction fragment length polymorphism (Garcia). This method uses unique enzymes to identify the DNA fragments, which enables the detection strains of PPV. The variation size of the fragments helps scientists determine which strain ... ...

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... bacteria can survive, it itself can replicate along with the new and mutated protein and become a new culture inside the host. It's a different story for human microsatellites. The changes in length in microsatellites in early development can lead to the detection of some cancers. They can also cause neurological diseases. Because everyone's DNA is unique our microsatellites are unique also. This ... ...

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... correct. Darwin observed that wild animals and plants showed variations just as domesticated animals and plants did. He filled his notebooks with records of height, weight, color, claw size, tail length, and other characteristics among members of the same species. He also observed that high birthrates and a shortage of life's necessities forced organisms into a constant "struggle for existence", both against the ... ...

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... the corer, so it must be pushed out with a corer of a smaller diameter. Once a few good, uniform cylinders have been collected, they must then be cut into 7 pieces of equal length. The beetroot was cut to 1cm. Because the beetroot has been cut some of the cell membranes had been broken, which means some anthocyanin will leak out. This must be ... ...

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... not be able to adequately defend themselves against charges based on DNA evidence There are two methods which can be used to test DNA. .The older one called .restriction-fragment length polymorphism. (RIFLE) takes up to two weeks to complete and requires a larger supply of high quality, uncontaminated DNA. The good thing about this test is that it finds the .random ... ...

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... " of science. In this volume Fr. Peter Leonard and Dr. David Schlessinger discuss the physical make-up of the molecule and what it does. In doing so, they treat at length the concepts behind the mapping and sequencing of the human genome. In short, they explain the Human Genome Project (HGP) or the Human Genome Initiative (HGI), whichever individuals wish to ... ...

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... and L. R. Welch. 1958. Comma-free codes. Canadian Journal of Mathematics 10:202-209. Golomb, Solomon W., Betty Tang and Ronald L. Graham 1987. A new result on comma-free codes of even word length. Canadian Journal of Mathematics 39(3):513-526. James D. Watson, The Double Helix, (New York:Atheneum, 1968) Louis Levine, "DNA Replication," Encarta 97 (1996) ...

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... a timely manner, so that the patient should not get accustomed to pain, or too much pain at once, causing him to go unconscious. It should not be done in a repeated length of time manner, but instead at random intervals, so the amazing human body does not get accustomed to any one set pattern. After this procedure is done, it is possible ... ...

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... for transposition itself. Transposons can also be divided into three types. The first consists of one or more resistance genes bounded by insertion sequences 700 to 1500 base pairs in length, usually in reverse orientation4. Such units are called composite transposons. The second type of transposon, i.e. Tn3, has three sites and two functional genes essential for transposition4. A number of antibiotic resistance ... ...

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... . The two cells have now become one. This new cell is placed in side the uterus of a surrogate mother and would then be allowed to grow and develop. After a normal length pregnancy, the surrogate mother would give birth to an exact replica of the animal that provided the original stem cell . By reading the previous paragraph you have looked into the ... ...

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... pleomorphic envelops have been discovered (Duke, 9/10/02). The virus itself can be either spherical or filamentous from 50-120nm in diameter, or 20nm in diameter and 200-300nm in length (angelfire, 9/10/02). The spikes of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase are dispersed evenly over the surface (the ratio of hemagglutinin to neuraminidase is 4-5:1) and the spikes project approximately 10-14nm from ... ...

• Word Count: 1687
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