... . "Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeyevich; Russia; United Soviet Socialist Republic; Yeltsin, Boris Nikolayevich; Communism; Commonwealth of Independent States." Microsoft Encarta Ed. Microsoft Corporation. 1997 Ed. Funk & Wagnalls. "Russia, United Soviet Socialist Republic; Yeltsin, Boris Nikolayevich; Communism; Commonwealth of Independent States." The World Almanac and Book of Facts ... ed. Funk & Wagnalls Corporation. 1996 Ed. Columbia University Press. "Communism" The Columbia Dictionary of Quotations Ed. Columbia University Press. 1996 Ed. Columbia University Press. "Gorbachev, Mikhail Ser...

• Word Count: 3136
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... from women and were sent to the POW camp, located in the town of Biała Podlaska. In the second half of June 24, the Wehrmacht 2nd Battalion, 133rd Infantry Regiment captured the Volhyn Fortification. Some of the defenders of the island managed to break through into the Citadel and continued the ... The 61tharmy represented the center of the front. The left wing consisted of the 70th, 47th, 8thguards, the 69th, 2nd tank, the 6th and 16thair army, the 7th guards and the 2nd guard's cavalry corps, the 1st Polish Army. The liberation of settlements in Brest region began before the Lu...

• Word Count: 9116
• Approx Pages: 36
• Grade Level: High School

... . After that he fully realized that the scientists among whom he belonged and who created this terrible destructive weapon had no control over its use whatsoever. More than that, the biological effects of the testing of nuclear weapons, such as radiation, which is dreadful to DNA, were either ignored or deliberately underestimated. Sakharov wrote that: "Whenever I tried to explain that the ... issue is the total, cumulative dose for the whole of mankind--since this factor determines the overall number of victims of non-threshold biological effects, people either failed to understand or s...

• Word Count: 4394
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... meet and complement each other. It would appear that they have indeed met, for Fidel Castro himself has said: "Make human life more rational. Build a just international order. Use all science for a more sustainable development that does not contaminate the environment. Pay the ecological debt, not the external debt. Fight hunger, not people."" Indeed, this is quite the direction Cuba is ... sector through new organizational forms and production structures; land distribution to encourage production of different crops in different regions of the country; reduction of specialization in agr...

• Word Count: 3463
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... in films, which he watched constantly. He became devoted to pseudo-scientific theories as well, although this was not a new attachment--Marxist claptrap had long dominated true science in the Soviet Union, especially in the biological sciences. He also continued in his constant political plottings, and, as always, saw enemies everywhere. In 1950, Mao and Stalin signed a Sino-Soviet friendship treaty, although ... ...

• Word Count: 5151
• Approx Pages: 21
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and the Brezhnev doctrine. There were therefore many factors influencing and playing a part in the Cold War. It is generally accepted that the Cold War began in 1945, but, as Scott states, "the issue of when the Cold War began, for example, is closely bound up with the question of who (if anyone) was responsible."" Some historians believe that the Cold ... between the Soviet Union and the United States. The fear-factor played a large part in this arms race as each superpower was afraid the other would make a nuclear attack first. Scott states that, "in particular, the fear that one side...

• Word Count: 2699
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• Has Bibliography

... establish a network of monitoring stations to identify these situations. Thus far, not all forty-four of the countries with nuclear capabilities have signed, therefore making useless and unenforceable. Chemical and biological weapons now more than ever a growing concern for the global community, this is demonstrated by the fact that President W Bush and the allies stated one of their prime objectives for ... third world countries are producing and exporting their own weapons adding to the global overabundance in equipment for war, " chemical and biological means of warfare are presumabl...

• Word Count: 2631
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Nationalism & The Cultural Roots of the Cold War. (University of North Carolina Press, 2000) Gallup, George. Survey Finds 8 out of 10 Voters Approve US Help to Korea (Washington Post, July 2nd 1950) Gladstone, William. Kin Beyond Sea. (The North American Review 1878) Ignatieff, Michael. American Exceptionalism and Human Rights. (Princeton University Press, 10th January 2009) Kennan, George. Peaceful Coexistence: A Western Veiw ... ...

• Word Count: 4596
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... 166 million tons. The consequence of this was an extreme overcrowding of workers implying low wages, the neglecting of consumer requirements, food shortages and appalling living conditions. According to John Scott, there was also a bad organisation of labour, with insecure sites and unbearable weather conditions. Stalin showed his will to intensify his power as at that time of poor living conditions ... ...

• Word Count: 2709
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to the Russian Socialist Revolution', in which former monuments of Tsarist Russian would torn down and replaced with "outstanding persons in the field of revolutionary and social activity, philosophy, literature, science and art" (Bown 20). These statues consisted of Marx, Engels, Campanella and Plekhanov, each devoted with a brief description of their life engraved upon a plaque. Implementing Lenin's plan, the Russian avant ... new Soviet culture. In a pre-revolutionary speech, Lenin advocated the idea of restructuring Russian academic institutions when he stated, "there will come a ti...

• Word Count: 4641
• Approx Pages: 19
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... genetic traits adopt Fascism. Hitler sought to extend frontiers of the German state to include all major concentrations of ethnic Germans. This was linked to an obsession with restoring the biological purity of the Aryan race and the destruction of the sub-human or degenerate minorities. These beliefs were also very hostile towards organized religion and followed a strict paramilitary style of ... ...

• Word Count: 3043
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... 1 million people, the United States sought to strengthen its military capabilities through the use of the achievements of scientific and technical progress, rather than quantitative indicators. In addition, advances in science - the creation of long-range aviation and the development of naval shipbuilding - allowed to hold in different regions of the large military koitingenty. If the United States sought to achieve ... ...

• Word Count: 4151
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the adventure. In the end, the CIA kept all the information for itself and passed on to the president only what it thought he should see. Lucien S. Vandenbroucke, in Political Science Quarterly of 1984, based his analysis of the Bay of Pigs failure on organizational behavior theory. He says, "The CIA supplied President Kennedy and his advisers with chosen reports on ... ...

• Word Count: 3500
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: High School

... modern society. Although rights were supposedly granted to all it had not done away with injustices; the self-government of the constitution had not done away with corruption and mismanagement; science had acquired control over nature, but could not control fluctuation in the economy. Modern production was very efficient and provided and excess of merchandise and food. Even with this efficiency ... ...

• Word Count: 5440
• Approx Pages: 22

... pointed out the discrepancies between ideals and reality in modern society: Rights granted to all had not done away with injustices; constitutional self-government had not abolished mismanagement and corruption; science had provided mastery over nature but not over the fluctuations of the business cycle; and the efficiency of modern production methods had produced slums in the midst of abundance (Pious ... ...

• Word Count: 2983
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and technology are reaching a detrimental climax if they are allowed to go further unregulated. Winston Churchill himself said it best: "The stone age may return on the gleaming wings of science, and what might now shower immeasurable blessings upon mankind may even bring about its total destruction. Beware, I say; time may be short."" This forewarned destruction might seem impossible in a post ... ...

• Word Count: 5612
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: High School

... the adventure. In the end, the CIA kept all the information for itself and passed on to the president only what it thought he should see. Lucien S. Vandenbroucke, in Political Science Quarterly of 1984, based his analysis of the Bay of Pigs failure on organizational behaviour theory. He says that the CIA ". . . supplied President Kennedy and his advisers with chosen reports ... ...

• Word Count: 4207
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... of the Chinese Revolution-the Record of Workers World Party. Workers World Party, September 17, 1976 Hore, Charlie, China, Who's Revolution? Pamphlet for Socialist Worker's Party, 1987. Ilchev, Leonid, Revolutionary science and our age against the anti-Leninist course of the Chinese leaders, 1964 Khrushchev, Nikita, Crimes of the Stalin Era. Special report to the 20th Party Congress of the CPSU ... ...

• Word Count: 4647
• Approx Pages: 19
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... pointed out the discrepancies between ideals and reality in modern society: Rights granted to all had not done away with injustices; constitutional self-government had not abolished mismanagement and corruption; science had provided mastery over nature but not over the fluctuations of the business cycle; and the efficiency of modern production methods had produced slums in the midst of abundance (Pious ... ...

• Word Count: 6851
• Approx Pages: 27
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of the world. Daily survival was a major priority for most of the worlds people, most of who worked as dependant farmers. Forty-six was the average life expectancy, as medical science had not advanced a great deal by this time. Privilege and obedience were key elements of society at this time. Many of these circumstances were to soon change however. As the ... ...

• Word Count: 2597
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

... .net/~xlobue/FALL.HTM). In this regard, communism fails to provide the necessary emotional and social need that religion seeks to offer. Attachment to the Supernatural as suggested by social science studies alleviates and in several ways relieves the individual from the daily oppressions of the social and material world. Secondly, similar to the one presented above, "communism have been heavily ... ...

• Word Count: 5382
• Approx Pages: 22
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... power of expression on one hand, and language, thought, and ideas on the other, all in order to cover up their lack of spontaneous musicality. The mental powers associated with science, mathematics, logic, and language were being applied to the writing of music. These early twentieth century writers and musicians mirrored a novel phenomenon unique to industrial modernity: a large cadre of highly ... ...

• Word Count: 2701
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate