Bartlett stated ""what we already know exerts a strong influence of what we remember."" Bartlett explored this by presenting his subjects with unfamiliar but highly structured material, for example a North American folk tale. ""war of the ghosts."" When the experiment was conducted Bartlett found that when subjects recalled the story, they typically distorted the story by omitting features that did not fit in with their schemas or expectations. To most readers, this North American folk tale is fairly bizarre, and it is not surprising that in attempting to recall it, readers omit details, change things, and import new material.
Hence, "'something black came out of his mouth, his face became contorted,"" was often remembered in more familiar terms to the participants culture, such as "'the man, frothing at the mouth."".
Personal interests and experiences play a part in retelling stories from memory. But what is most interesting is that Bartlett's readers (typically unconsciously) made the story more orderly and coherent within their own cultural framework.
From this research the experiment had some differences when compared with Bartlett's study. Firstly instead of the story consisting of a different cultural language, it consisted of three different subjects. Secondly, participants were tested over much smaller periods of time (one week). The aim of the study was to scientifically investigate whether the information that we already know influences what we remember. This can include not only education but also surroundings and culture.
Experimental hypothesis: The accuracy of recall will be significantly higher with information that is specific to a student's subject.
Null hypothesis: There will be no significant difference in the amount of information recalled that is specific to a student's subject and the information that is not.
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