... graduate within six years of enrolling in college, only 38% of blacks and 46% of Hispanics do the same. Minority students are further disadvantaged when applying to college, because standardized test scores are biased against them. International studies have shown that "a group's low ethnic status or position in a social structure" directly correlates to a group's significantly lower performance ... as inferior in Sweden, and perform poorly on tests there; however, they perform well on tests in Australia, where they are not discriminated against. These studies suggest that standardized te...

• Word Count: 1760
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Some people have suggested that the employment system should work on a color-blind test (Plous). The color blind test is a method where race is not mentioned on applications. Employers determine how qualified an individual is by administering a test (Benoit). Since race is not mentioned, people would be chosen for merit ... have always been people at the disadvantage. For instance, it is logical to hire people with higher test scores, but "members of socioeconomically disadvantaged groups tend to score less well than equally qualified members of other groups" (Benoit). The color-blind ....

• Word Count: 1479
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of the minority, it discriminates on those the in majority by not allowing them a chance at higher learning, even though they may have higher test scores. The admissions of students into systems of higher education should be granted based on academic achievement only, not based on the color of one ... 's skin. Schools should be more worried about how they look in compared with other educational institutions by their test scores and student grades, then through the multiculturalism flourishing with in their campus. After all, doesn't someone want to receive the best education ... medica...

• Word Count: 1596
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... believed that affirmative action is reverse racism and would cause many problems in the workplace ( ). Congress then voted that who ever scored the best on a test that they gave would get the job ( ). That was the only rational situation to do at that time. In the 1970's President Ronald Reagan furthered affirmative ... stated that affirmative action has showed favoritism forwards minorities and women. For example, Michigan State College gives minorities and extra 20 points in a 150-point admission test because they are a minority group ( ). There also were reports that the admission of...

• Word Count: 1481
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... admitting less qualified candidates to meet their criteria for achieving diversity. Critics claim that some students that are more qualified-those who attended better high schools, have higher GPAs and test scores, etc.-are often times rejected because less qualified minority students take their spots. While there is certainly research to back up this claim, it seems that people forget that ... take a number of things into consideration when selecting their freshman class. If they didn't see the value of having a diverse campus, every student would have a 4.0 high school GPA and perfect...

• Word Count: 1301
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . Fairness, it assumes, requires treating everyone the same allowing everyone to enter the competition for a position, and evaluating each person's results the same way. If everyone takes the same test, and every applicants test is evaluated in the same manner, then the assessment is fair. So affirmative action is unfair because it takes race and gender into account; and thus evaluates some ... test results differently. A racial premise of this fairness challenge to affirmative action is the assumption that tests afford opportunity to demonstrate individual merit, and therefore are not b...

• Word Count: 1259
• Approx Pages: 5

... that the ratio of white to black students should stay disproportionate in academic institutions. The support for this lies in the lop-sided SAT scores, because, according to the SAT test results, "on average, black Americans are significantly less intelligent than whites" (Feagin, 244). Yasuchiro Nakasone, the former prime minister of Japan supports this belief by stating that "the United States ... Ricans, and Mexicans" (Feagin, 244). This statement reiterates the opposition's belief that you cannot be equal in jobs if you are not equal in IQ. There have been advances in test scores in...

• Word Count: 1660
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... all, affirmative action IS discrimination, only in reverse. In colleges across the country, African-Americans and Hispanics are being admitted at the expense of Caucasians and Asians with higher standardized test scores and high school GPAs for the sake of diversity. This discrimination is unjust and uncalled for. A second idea against affirmative action is the idea of individualism, where the government ... Cal-Berkeley, "the admission rate exceeded 90% for all 'underrepresented' minorities with GPAs above 2.8 (a dismal B minus) or SATs over 830, well below the national average for all...

• Word Count: 2072
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... issue. Opposition towards affirmative action grew after Regents of the University of California v. Bakke. Allen Bakke in 1977, was twice denied admission to a California medical school despite better grades and test scores than successful minority applicants, Allan Bakke took his grievance to court and set of a major controversy. The school reserved sixteen places in each entering class of one hundred for ... qualified minorities, as part of the school's affirmative action program. Bakke's college GPA and test scores exceeded those of any of the minority students admitted in the two yea...

• Word Count: 1348
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... 1971, "the Supreme Court confronted the impact of testing in Griggs verus Duke Power Company (Hacker 129)." The company had kept black employees in lower level jobs, arguing that their "test scores showed they were not qualified for better positions (130)." The court rejected this explanation, "ruling that employers who hired and promoted on the basis of tests had to show ... that those exams in face provided good forecasts of how an individual is to perform (130)." However, test results do still display some bias, a business is still entitled to hire people who will best benefit its ba...

• Word Count: 2004
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , accepting African Americans not for their intellectual excellence or merit but the color of their skin. The study concluded that African Americans with above average scores on law school admissions test were 730 times more likely to be accepted than an equally qualified Caucasian student at Virginias School of Law (Washington 3). At the University of Michigan Law School, the way that ... than Caucasians even if the minorities grades are lower the Caucasians (Pioneer 1). It is almost like the universities have a quota and although the Caucasian students may have better grades and test s...

• Word Count: 1282
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... states: Most Affirmative Action at Berkeley was going to students of the middle class and above.[ ] In recent times, most of the black students admitted to Berkeley with substantially lower test scores than whites have been children of middle managers, municipal administrators, and even doctors and lawyers " not food service workers and bus drivers. For example, of the 257 African ... is on achieving equality of opportunity, a principle that most Americans still support. (Wilson) This type of policy opens up opportunity for minorities because instead of basing enrollment or employment o...

• Word Count: 1705
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... confidence because I know diversity can be achieved without set-asides and preferences.? Cite In announcing the admissions guarantee for the top five of every graduating class, regardless of their standardized test scores, Bush also said he would increase need-based financial aid by twenty million. Should not have 1-sentence paragraphs Many aspects of Bush's proposal to eliminate set-asides in the ... twenty million in new financial aid. 3. Add fifteen million for mentoring and recruitment of minority students, if the legislature approves. 4. Enable all tenth graders to take the Prelimi...

• Word Count: 2248
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... league. According to an article in the U.S. News and World Report minorities are proving that they deserve a chance to be given equal opportunity. Blacks admitted into elite institutions have high test scores when compared to the other applicants. Eighty percent of them are graduating within six years, earning advanced degrees, and are strengthening the African American middle class, (U.S. News and World ... ...

• Word Count: 1454
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... , the university failed to reach their "enrollment, retention, and graduation goals for Black students" due to the lack of well qualified black students attempting to enter the university. A comprehensive statewide test was given to all 10th graders in Wisconsin. "These tests cover knowledge and concepts in reading, math, science, and social studies. Four categories of proficiency are used to categorize the ... ...

• Word Count: 1573
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... regulations one third of which are still enforced laws setting numerical goals and quotas. In 1994 the Los Angeles Fire Department refused five thousand white men from taking their qualifying test because the department had not yet met its minority and gender hiring goals . If a house or a building is on fire, the firefighters" gender or ethnic background should not play a role ... ...

• Word Count: 1269
• Approx Pages: 5

... these tests to be racially biased towards white students. I have an African American friend who I went through primary and secondary school with. I know how smart he is, and his standardized test scores show exactly his level of knowledge. Since schools are not finding enough qualified students to enroll in the university they are admitting minority students who are not up to ... ...

• Word Count: 2179
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... gender can damage anyone's mind state. Known as "stereotype threat" which is "how racial and gender stereotypes, floating and abstract though they might seem, can affect concrete things, like grades, test scores, and academic identity" (Steele 211). This is just another disadvantage put onto minorities through affirmative action which makes it even harder for them to become successful. The most apparent ... ...

• Word Count: 1483
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... logic of affirmative action. With no end in sight to the causes of the current influx, and with the difficulty of withdrawing benefits once they have been granted, the real test of the affirmative-action state may be yet to come. At that point, we may be forced to adopt a more restrictive immigration policy. Right now, one thing is clear. To ... ...

• Word Count: 1755
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , know that they are treated badly, and it allows them to think that they are inferior to others. During the Brown vs. Board of Education case, Kenneth Clark performed a doll test to prove the psychological damage in segregated children. "I presented these dolls to them and I asked them the following questions in the following order: "Show me the doll that you like ... ...

• Word Count: 1252
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... using racial preferences. Say for instance, a "white- applicant and a "black- applicant apply to the University of Michigan, from the same high school even, both star athletes and received the same test scores, the "black- student would be admitted over the "white- student, due to points. Even though this might be a rare circumstance, giving the minority more points due to the color ... ...

• Word Count: 1383
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the point system. Under this system underrepresented minorities would receive 20 points out of a total of 100 needed for acceptance. Points were also awarded based on high school GPA, standardized test scores, leadership qualities, extra curricular activities, etc. President Bush announced his opposition to the universities policies publicly and told the solicitor general to submit a legal brief in opposition. This brief ... ...

• Word Count: 1778
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... when they debate the lower score of minority students" to white students scores on college entrance exams. "Nevertheless, there are sufficient data available to show that when the college entrance test scores of minority and White students of similar socio-economic status and background are compared, their scores are relatively comparable" (White, p.340). This supports the argument that the lack of ... ...

• Word Count: 2158
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... case Griggs v. Duke Power Co., this issue was brought to the Supreme Court. In this case, the Duke Power Company required employees to have a high school diploma and pass a written test for advancement. The African American employees felt this was unfair, as they had not been allowed the right to public schooling in the past and were almost illiterate. They challenged ... ...

• Word Count: 2301
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . After the United States Congress passed the Civil Rights Act in 1964, certain items became apparent. What seemed like the norm in business traditions, such as seniority status and aptitude test, prevented total equality in employment. Then, President Lyndon B. Johnson decided that some action should be taken as a remedy to these flaws. On September 24, 1965, he issued an executive order ... ...

• Word Count: 1910
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate