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Revolutions


            Revolutions begin as a protest against tyranny, but end by creating a state far more powerful than the one that they replace. Discuss with reference to France and Russia.
             The French revolution was the catalyst that ended the system of monarchy and aristocratic privilege and brought about the emergence of the common man and democratic rights in France. It was also the beginning of modern totalitarianism and large-scale executions. The Russian revolution progressed in much the same way, and its causes are rooted deep in Russian history. Lenin changed the course of Russia by ensuring that his party would resort to dictatorship rather than bow to the will of the masses. In both countries, there is a sense that the bad eventually drives out the good, as one evil progressively replaces another. In France, dissatisfaction leads to widespread terror and violence. In Russia, it leads to Lenin and communism. The statement above is accurate and reasonable and is born out fantastically well by spiralling events in both France and Russia in their ages of revolution. .
             In France, the revolution began as a protest against tyranny and ended by creating an immensely powerful state. Grievances were long standing. France was an absolute monarchy and a fatal weakness in the system was its inability to produce strong monarchs. Louis XVI was weak and unstable. The population was divided into three estates, with the majority belonging to the third. Although the richest, the first and second estates were exempt from paying taxes. This caused great discontent amongst the masses. There was a very obvious need for tax reform. The inefficiency of only taxing the lower estates showed in the government's budget. Due to over ambitious wars and extravagant spending on courts, Louis XVI and his predecessor had .
             successfully bankrupted France. The Seven Years War economically drained the country and her losses were considerable in human and territorial terms.


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