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A Study of RetrovirusesWHAT IS A CLONING VECTOR? A cloning vector is any piece of DNA molecule taken from either virus, plasmid or cells of higher organisms in which the foreign gene can be inserted for cloning in host organism thus used as carrier. WHAT IS A RETROVIRUS? Retrovirus is a group of viruses that belong to the family retroviridae and has genetic material in the form of RNA. TYPES OF RETROVIRUSES There are 3 main types of retroviruses given below A)ONCOVIRUSES-they are cancer causing viruses eg-mouse mammary tumour virus,human T-lymphotrophic virus. B)LENTIVIRUSES-they cause slow onset of disesases,they require more time for incubation eg-HIV. C)SPUMAVIRUSES-they do not cause any clinical disorders in human beings. Eg-human foamy virus. BASIC STRUCTURE OF RETROVIRUS Retrovirus is a enveloped virus It has a diameter of about 80-100 nanometers The RNA genome is approximately 7-12 kilobases linear and single stranded. The genome consist of two identical copies and is associated with nuclear capsid |
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Basics of Counseling SkillsIntroduction Many counseling techniques exist to help people gain awareness, insight and explore ways of solving their problems. These communication skills, also known as counseling tools, can be very effective if a skilled counsellor knows how and when to apply them. Timing when using counseling tools is important as is the counsellor's self-awareness as they must be able to know how their client affects them and vice versa. McLeod (2007) explains apart from counseling techniques, to be effective a counsellor must use their own self-awareness of feelings and thoughts that arise in a session of which can be used to make an informed response.In this essay I play the role of counsellor for a client who presents a problem at work allowing me to apply a number of these counseling tools to effectively help her gain awareness, clarify the problem, gain insight and consider future steps to resolve the issue. These skills were observed by me watching a video playback of the session. I re |
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Plants and Water BalanceIntroduction In this report I am going to discuss the adaptations of 3 plants groups: xerophytes, hydrophytes and mesophytes relating to plant water balance and I will discuss how these adaptations allow the plant to survive in it's ecological niche. An ecological niche can be defined as the way of life of an organism in it's ecosystem, which allow it to survive and live successfully. 1Each of the three plant groups listed above have different ecological niches for example: xerophytes are able to survive in dry and humid conditions such as deserts, mesophytes can survive in habitats that experience both wet and dry conditions such as fields, meadows or shaded areas such as forests and hydrophytes are adapted to survive in aquatic environments where there is lots of water such as ponds. 2The xerophyte that I will be discussing in my report is the cactus, the mesophyte that I will be discussing in my report is the rose and the hydrophyte that I will be discussing in my report is the wate |
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Saying No to EuthanasiaFor years, the question whether or not euthanasia should be allowed has been a subject of debate. But what exactly is euthanasia? According to the Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary (2006) it states that euthanasia is "the act or practice of killing hopelessly sick or injured individuals in a relatively painless way for reasons of mercy; also: the act or practice of allowing a hopelessly sick or injured patient die by taking less than the complete medical measures to prolong life – called also mercy killing" (p. 238). In other words, it's the intentional killing of someone whose life is felt no longer to be worth living. Euthanasia, however, is not just black and white. Looking from an individual's stand point, there are three main types of euthanasia which are Voluntary, Non-voluntary, and Involuntary. Voluntary euthanasia is when a person wants to die and states it. Such as a person asking for help with dying. Non-voluntary euthanasia is when a person is incapable of stating their wishes or their statement can't be trus |
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The Purpose of PhilosophyAs far as we know, humans have always felt the need to examine everything they meet or experience in life. In the early days of human existence, the process of examining reality allowed us to form tools, weapons, and strategies. This made it easier to hunt and produce materials necessary for humans to thrive and advance past a hunter-gatherer civilization. The more we advanced technologically, the better our civilizations became. Gradually we became a society based on a moral code meant to keep harmony and prevent societal problems. The authority to enforce these codes, or laws, came from religions man had invented as a way to govern the masses. Today we use the same or similar principles and social structure. What made all of our technological and ethical advancements possible was Philosophy. Merriam-Webster's dictionary says philosophy is "Critical examination of the rational grounds of our most fundamental beliefs and logical analysis of the basic concepts employed in the ex |
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WWII and the Treaty of VersaillesDuring January 1919, the Triple Entente nations, France, Great Britain, and Russia met with the Central Powers of Europe, Germany, Italy, and Austria Hungary to negotiate an end to World War 1. The Treaty of Versailles was not fair because the German Government had to pay money to support it's country. Additionally, Germany had to pay billions of pounds to the Triple Entente for the war reparations. Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States at the time, came up with the idea of this treaty to prevent any future wars between the European countries. The Treaty of Versailles was not fair because of the difficulties Germany had to face with its economy, taking all the blame for starting the first World War, and causing a start to another disastrous war. The German government had to overcome great economic difficulties because of the Treaty of Versailles. Since the war ended, the war factories that created guns, bulle |
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America and the Prosperous Roaring 1920'sDuring the 1920's, many considered this time to be prosperous which is why this time period is known as the Roaring Twenties. However, the economy in the early twenties was very poor. Soldiers were returning from the war expecting to find good jobs but instead were faced with high unemployment rates, rising prices, and low wages. When World War I ended, many wartime industries closed down laying off many workers; women were pressured to return to household duties so men could have jobs. Thousands of veterans returned to unemployment since their jobs were already taken. However, though the beginning of the 1920's was harsh, conditions started to improve in the mid 20's. New industries were being formed because of foreign investors. These industries included wheat from the prairies, pulp and paper, and oil and gas. Many countries were suffering from the after effects of the war, which led to demand for fo |
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Summary of Oedipus RexOne of the greatest philosophers of Ancient Greece was Aristotle. He studied and explored many subjects. His analysis of the ideal form of tragic plays became a guideline for later playwrights in Western civilization. In his definition of tragedy, he stated, it is "the imitation of an action that is serious and also, as having magnitude, complete in itself; in appropriate and pleasurable language;in a dramatic rather than narrative form; with incidents arousing pity and fear, wherewith to accomplish a catharsis of these emotions." In other words, a tragedy must be drastic and very serious; it should limit itself to one main issue to avoid confusion, and told with a rhythmic and harmonious language. The works must be dramatized and evoke feelings of pity and fear from the audience, for the main character or tragic hero as he or she moves toward a destructive end, eventually leading the audience to "explode" at the ultimate downfall of the hero. Based on Aristotle's i |
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The Invalid TrutherThe article "Inside the Pluto 'Truther' Movement, Which Claims Flyby Was Faked" by Max Kutner in the Newsweek magazine's website posted on July 18, 2015 is a good cover-up on the 'Plutto Truther moment' on the New Horizons mission to Pluto. The questions raised and the claims made by Mr. Crow in the article is invalid by a million mile. A truther moment is something started by conspiracy theorists who question the verity of well-established and widely believed information on events such as the mission to Pluto, 911 attacks by Al-Qaeda etc. They are not exactly whistle blowers because they don't back their claim with concrete proofs. But they are theorists who claim their theory to be true. In our case, the theorist who goes by the fake name – "Crow Trippleseven", claims that the initial images from NASA's Pluto mission are fake and that NASA staged the flyby and shot the images in some studio in California. This is based on his personal experiments he pe |
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Baking Cookies with my GrandkidsAt least once a month my grandchildren and I head into the kitchen to bake oatmeal cookies. I have four grandchildren but only three are in the kitchen helping me, because the fourth one is a five month old baby. All three of my grandchildren have a part in preparing the oatmeal cookies. I let all three of my grandchildren help because this is our time together, and I want each one of them to feel special and loved. Manny my oldest grandson gathers all the bowels, and spoons, and pass out the aprons and white hats we wear while baking. I gather all the ingredients, and measure them out as following: 1 cup of shortening 1 cup of sugar 1 cup of light brown sugar 2 eggs 2 tbsp. milk 11/2 tsp. Pure Vanilla Extract 11/2 cup of all purpose flour 1 tsp. baking soda Pinch of salt 4 cups 100% Whole Grain Old Fashion Oatmeal 1cup of pecans 1cup of raisins I let my granddaughter Cherry turn on the oven and she knows to set the temperature to 375°F. She is a e |
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The Journey of Anne BradstreetAnne Bradstreet, the most famous 17th century female poet, was only 18 when she arrived to Massachusetts Bay in 1630 on the Arbella. She was well educated while in England and reluctant to leave, however her family became eager to flee, as their country was increasingly hostile to critics of the Anglican Church. The voyage from England to America that took three long months was quite difficult, as many passengers died from numerous illnesses. Anne's new life was suddenly challenging, a drastic change from the elegant estate with its well-stocked library where Anne spent numerous hours. Anne and her prestigious family soon moved to Boston where her father and husband played a large role in the founding of Harvard University in 1636 (Gordon, |
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Mongols of the 13th CenturyIn ancient times the Mongols where considered some of the most feared and ruthless warriors that walked the earth but although they were savages they still had a structured civilization that contributed to society. There is no doubt that the Mongols where blood thirsty fierce warriors but that is not all the Mongols where basically meaning they where a somewhat "tweener" between the two. The Mongols had a complex structure that not many people recognized and many different contributions were made through this. Genghis Khan ruled his army with the goal that they would be feared throughout the land. He accomplished this goal through many savage tactics. Document one presents the reader with a map of the very large landmass that the Mongols gained control over. The document also provides information showing that the Mongols did conquer the largest landmass out of any other ruler. This elaborates on the fact of the Mongols ruthlessness because with every new capture Genghis Kha |
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Early American Literature ReviewThe text that I found to be the least interesting was, "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God", by Jonathan Edwards. Not only was this piece incredibly bland, but also I found it to have a negative tone. As a Christian, one of the first things I remember learning was that every creation of God has sin. Everyone sins and every sin carries the same weight when it comes to judgment in the eyes of God. In this text, the author Edwards uses this principle but makes it sound extremely harsh by stereotyping all sinners and non-believers by referring to them as "damned" and "wicked". From these word choices, Edwards seems closed off to ideas that don't align with his view. Edwards also writes, "God has so many different unsearchable ways of taking wicked men out of the world and sending 'em to hell, that there is nothing to make it appear that God had need to be at the expense of a miracle, or go out of the ordinary course of his providence, to dest |
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Working at a Vietnamese Karaoke BarIt's really hard to find a job you love. People work jobs they hate because it makes good money, even if it's boring and they absolutely hate it. Many people go through job after job until their satisfied with their working environment. There will always be that one coworker they don't get along with or that boss that they hate so much. It's hard being able to find a job that you'll absolutely love and never get bored of. I thought I wouldn't be able to find a job I love. I was always interested in working at a restaurant or an environment that will keep me on my feet and busy. It took me awhile to find one, but the job opportunity came to me for a Vietnamese Karaoke Bar (Café 1221) opening up on Dorchester Ave, Dorchester, Ma. I was first offered this job towards the end of March, beginning of April. The bosses wanted me to be a bartender during day shifts and waitres |
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Self-Reflection Essay - Community ServiceFor many people, twenty five hours of community service was going to be extremely hard! Not for me. I am involved in lots of extracurricular activities so getting twenty five hours was super easy. Some students might have seen this as "work." However, I have been doing community service all my life, so it wasn't that big of a deal for me. As a matter of fact, I remember being only 4 years and my brother and I would go with my mom to the homeless shelter to give out food. Getting hours for me was going to be a piece of cake! Over the summer, I participated in some mission work with my church, First Reformed UCC. This included all the youth from my church, combined with youth from a church from Ohio. The work we preformed was in Lexington. We didn't have to travel too far, but I still called it a mission trip. This was my fourth mission trip I went on, but this one was different. Instead of traveling to Georgia or Tennessee to do work, we stayed in our on town to help out. There was only about forty kids combined, but that was enough to split up into four groups to work o |
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William Butler Yeats - Personal and PoliticalWhen we explore Yeats, there are prominent political and personal elements within his poems that prompt the emotion of the audience. This enables his literature to be appreciated thoroughly by a wide audience throughout time. His poetry contrasts and compares his personal views with the political situations, as well as the beliefs and thoughts within the historical era. Two such literary compositions that contain these notions are, 'Easter 1916' and 'Among School Children'. Among School Children explores Yeats' political visit as a senator to a Montessori school in which he undergoes a reverie about the true essence of life. His surroundings impend deeply on his thoughts as his continuous encounters with the youthful children remind him of his deteriorating self and unrequited love for Maude Gonne. Easter 1916 on the other hand, is a Eulogy written about the Irish Activists of their heroic deeds in the Easter Uprising. It's a political poem that highlights the tensions of t |
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The Best DayGetting assigned this topic really made me think, "What song or movie is truly most meaningful to me"? Right away, a few songs came to mind, "Drive", by Alan Jackson, "Live Like you Were Dying", by Tim McGraw and "Cats In The Cradle", by Harry Chapin; however, while searching the lyrics on the Internet, I came across the song, "The Best Day" by George Straight. I actually had never heard this song before. While listening to it, it brought tears to my eyes because these words fit my dad and me perfectly. The song, "The Best Day", is told through the father's eyes as he reflects on best days of his life. As the song progresses, the son grows from childhood to adolescence and then adulthood, and then the song is told through the sons eyes and how the special times like getting his own wheels and learning to drive are "the best day of his life". Eventually moving on to getting married and that being "the best day of his life. The first verse is about a father-son campout |
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The Great Country of CanadaIt's been approximately 1,029 years since the original settlers stepped foot in the nation to our north that we now call Canada. In approximately 985 AD Norse Seamen landed far west from their intended destination of Greenland, and ended up in what is believed to be present day Labrador. About 15 years later the first European settlers came when Leif Ericson and his Norse explorers landed in what at the time they called "Vinland", which later on was determined to be one of the northernmost tips of Newfoundland. It wasn't until 1497 that an Italian named John Cabot rediscovered Canada in search of a new trade route for King Henry VII. This rediscovery lead to England's right by claim of Newfoundland, Cape Breton Islands, as well as various neighboring regions. What started with these discoveries has lead to the country of Canada that we know today. When the Vikings, Ericson, and Cabot all came across to North America and present day Canada all of the land was untouched by hum |
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Totalitarianism in Orwell's 1984Following the political upheaval and struggle for power after the second world war, George Orwell's novel 1984 cautions against the dangers of oppression and exemplifies the consequential nightmarish world of the near future. The plot traces the struggles of the main character, Winston Smith, as he attempts to rebel against the tyrannically insatiable Party, rulers of the superstate Oceania. In this terrifying glimpse of the future, independent thought, along with all other human values and ideals, is eradicated, and therein replaced only with fanatical loyalty to the Party and "unconscious orthodoxy." The Party, also known as Ingsoc, is able to achieve these ends with a complex utilization of manipulation mechanisms, eliminating free thought through the restrictive language, constant propaganda, degradation of human values, enforced social hierarchy, and virtual complete control of reality. The novel 1984 epitomizes, if not exaggerates, the horrors of a totalitarian collectivism, wh |
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The Power of Reading and WritingThe power of reading and writing is immeasurable. Its power is the knowledge and ability to gain access to new knowledge and points of view. For example, Slaves were forbidden to read and write and thus lost the power to be individuals and remained thoughtless pieces of property. This was the point; to keep slaves less than human. Today reading and writing are still powerful elements of the world. They shift the world and cause the tides of our society to churn and turn. A slave was mainly seen as chattel. Their owners did not see them as anything more than that, a simple piece of property. Slaves were stripped of any rights affiliated with being free men. The slave owners wanted to make them as easy to manipulate as possible. This was only possible if the slaves were prohibited from any form of reading and writing, making them reliant on their owners. Stopping slaves from reading and writing was a law. There was a reason for this. The whites were "fearing that black literacy wo |
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Barbie Dolls - If Looks Could KillEver since the introduction of Barbie in 1959, these dolls have even become the favorite gift of most girls. Barbie has served as a companion, provided comfort and stability during hard times, nurtured friendships, promoted active imagination, and has become a huge part of many girls' childhood and development, socially and personally. Needless to say, Barbie has become extremely popular and valuable worldwide, holding a special place in children's hearts. However, the effects of Barbie's influence on children, and girls' self-image, specifically, are far from harmless. Barbie has negatively influenced millions of females worldwide- lowering self-confidence, destroying ideals of healthy and realistic body image, and making girls unsatisfied with less than perfect expectations for material possessions and circumstances in life. Barbies were crafted to have bodies that society has deemed to be flawless and ideal, without realizing the tragic toll it would have on innocent children. Whe |
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Malcolm X - Great American Orator1.0 Introduction Malcolm X was a passionate and gifted black orator that was born in 1925. Malcolm, who was born in Nebraska, was an influential African-American nationalist leader. He was also a Muslim minister, and acted as the Islam's spokesperson. As a result of his influence, the number of Muslims grew from four hundred in the beginning of the 1950s to more than forty thousand in 1960. History claims that Malcolm was born in a family of eight children. Being born to Earl Littles, who was a member of the 'Universal Negro Improvement Association ', Malcolm experienced a firsthand racism at an early age. This was due to the fact that his family was harassed by the White racists (Abernethy 8). For instance, Malcolm family was harassed a number of times by the 'Ku Klux Klan' group. The harassment made the family to move to Michigan. Nevertheless, the situation worsened when their house was set on blaze while the Whites watched the fire consume the entire house. Th |
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Buying Lenin by Miroslav PenkovI really liked this story. I thought that it was well written and really simple to understand. We can easily get into the story. The first sentence of the story is already captivating and the readers become really curious as to why the grandfather is saying this to the grandson. The relationship between the grandson and the grandfather was really well described. It may not be the perfect relationship but we could still feel the love they had for each other deep inside of them and their funny way of showing it. Normally it is hard to appreciate the characters or get attach to them really easily but in this story, that was not a problem at all. Simply from the first paragraph, we get attach to this stubborn and crazy grandfather. He represents the ultimate fanatic of Lenin and overall the idea of how much it was a big deal to promote communism to others. It was not the typical type of story about war and the crazy ideas of the past. We see that more and more the grandson grows closer t |
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Campus Safety at Claflin UniversityClaflin University is small but mighty. It's a wonderful school filled with great opportunities. Although there are many good points about Claflin, campus security is a major problem. Claflin's students spend too much money on and off campus to be scared to go anywhere by ourselves. Throughout this semester numerous bad events have taken place, such as the Karbaris Davis event and burglaries. They should do a better job in order to stop certain events that occur on this campus. In order for Claflin students to feel safer on campus Claflin security needs to provide better trained security officers, install more lights and cameras, and check the identification cards of anyone coming on campus before August 2015. Throughout this semester, Claflin University security officers have been very short staffed. Around campus students see the same ones every single day. As a small intuition Claflin should have more security guards especially at night time. Many burglaries have accord in Claflin' |
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The Components of a Perfect SandwichThe perfect sandwich is composed of a few main good quality ingredients, two pieces of the finest bread, three slices of deli turkey ham, a square piece of cheddar, and fresh lettuce and tomato to top it off. With all these ingredients in a plate, it is a perfect meal either in the morning or just before going to bed in order for your hunger to be satisfied. The bread is one of the most important things in a sandwich. It is what you first bite into and what your first taste will be. It can be a crunchy and warm type of texture or even a soft and warm texture. Obviously to make it warm the two slices of bread must be put into the toaster to achieve that heat. The deli turkey ham is equally important as the other ingredients. I |
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