... , Boekkooi, Jongsma and Nijhuis. Their study, Fetal habituation to vibroacoustic stimulation in relation to fetal states and fetal heart rate parameters, proposes to prove that "fetal habituation to repeated stimulation has the potential to become a tool in the assessment of fetal condition and of the function of the fetal central nervous system," Heteren et al, 2000, p. 135). Thus, they conducted a study using a habituation model to ... exposure. Habituation was indicated by a lack of response after four consecutive stimuli. A cardiocotograph was used to detect the fetal heart rate, obt...

• Word Count: 1245
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... other organs.Phenytoin (or Dilantin) is a medication used to treat epilepsy (seizure disorder). With the use of this medicine there is a chance that the baby will be born with some of the following health problems: Growth deficiency Developmental delay Cleft palate Certain facial characteristics Heart defects Genitourinary abnormalities (abnormalities of the fingers and nails)Varicella (or chickenpox) is a highly infectious disease, usually associated with childhood ... . The disease is caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which is a form of the herpes virus. Transmission occurs f...

• Word Count: 502
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... If a woman weighs more than one hundred ninety-eight pounds it reduces the Patch's effectiveness. Contraceptive pills and condoms have no restrictions on weight. The Patch may leave a woman with a rash, upper respiratory cramps, and menstrual and abdominal cramps. The risk of blood clots, heart attack, and stroke are also prevalent with the Patch. Birth control pills, however, eliminate cramps and condoms don't have ... such health risks. Though all of these options are available, those who oppose pre-marital sex may say that the best way to prevent pregnancy and the contraction of STD'...

• Word Count: 1111
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... pro-life argues that life begins at conception, in the other hand the opposing view point of pro-choice, relies on fertile viability. Pro-life has presented the argument that life begins at conception because it is only within a few weeks that the embryo develops a beating heart. On the contrary, pro-choice argues that the embryo cannot be considered life or an individual until it ... can sustain its life, this happens when the embryo reaches the first trimester. At the first trimester, the embryo begins to support its life ... and is therefore not considered a part of the mother any l...

• Word Count: 1511
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... system. However urine test has shown positive signs of metabolite in the infants' urine. In addition, researchers found an increase occurrence in cardiovascular disorder within the neonates. An evaluation undertaken in neonates exposed to cocaine indicated that the measured heart rate variability (HRV) was lower and also in the vagal tones. The research showed that the neonates exposed to excessive cocaine exposure compared to those with a minimum ... exposure had a significantly unusual vagal tone during the period two to six months. Maternal use of cocaine during the late stage of pre...

• Word Count: 2711
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy is usually caused by Graves' Disease. Hypothyroidism in pregnancy is usually caused by Hashimoto's Disease. The site's article also discusses how hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can affect the mother and baby. Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism during pregnancy can lead to congestive heart failure, preeclampsia (dangerous rise in high blood pressure), thyroid storm (sudden, severe worsening of symptoms), miscarriage, premature birth and ... . Hyperthyroidism in a newborn can result in rapid heart rate, which may lead to heart failure; early c...

• Word Count: 985
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... from little to no use of medications. Studies show that psychoactive drugs have an adverse impact on development. For example, drinking alcohol in heavy amounts can cause malformations of the face, limbs and heart defects. In addition to physical problems, intelligence quotients can range from below average to mentally retarded (Santrock, 2004). A newborn possessing these symptoms is a victim of fetal ... lead to ADD, ADHD, cognitive impairment, or consistent crying. Cocaine babies have distinct features: they may be missing an eye, ear, limb, have a rapid heart rate, low birth weight, ...

• Word Count: 1416
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... or just a very thin upper lip. Low-set or poorly formed ears are a major hallmark of the syndrome. The organ deformities from exposure to alcohol range from moderate to life-threatening. Heart defects and heart murmurs are not uncommon due to malformation during development. The genital malformations can result in sexual dysfunction. Beyond that, kidney and urinary tract defects can cause serious health ... immediately obvious, mental disabilities are another serious effect of FAS. These occur because of abnormal prenatal brain development caused by exposure to alcohol. Learning disorders...

• Word Count: 717
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... -abortionists are against war, killing and violence, when abortion is the most inhumane act that could be committed. An unborn baby is meaningful life that should not be considered expendable. At eighteen days after conception a baby has a heart beat, at six weeks the baby's brain waves can be measured and, at 9 weeks the baby can feel pain; he or she has everything that all ... humans have. The genetic code of the baby is all ready set to form a heart, eyes, ears, nose, mouth, skin, and mind from the moment of conception; being dependent on others should ... not deprive a helpless baby...

• Word Count: 589
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to other people. While some chronic alcoholics get very drunk, others exercise enough control to give the appearance of coping with everyday affairs in a near-normal way. However, alcoholism can lead to a number of physical ailments, including hypoglycemia, brain and heart damage, enlarged blood vessels in the skin, chronic gastritis, and pancreatitis. Alcoholism can also lead to impotence in men, damage ... to the fetus in pregnant women, and an elevated risk of cancer of the larynx, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and upper gastrointestinal tract. Because alcoholics seldom have adequate ...

• Word Count: 1229
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Obesity and the Risk of Congenital Anomalies ", the authors imply, "An estimated 3% of all live births in the United States are affected by a structural anomaly 79 with 0.68 per 1000 births being affected by a neural tube defect and 2.25 per 1000 births being affected by a serious heart anomaly. Given the findings of this review, and the BMI profile of the female population during the period when ... these estimates were generated, we calculate that the absolute risk of a pregnancy affected by a neural tube defect or a serious heart anomaly is respectively 0.47 per 1000 births and 0.61 ...

• Word Count: 1391
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... that once again, the pregnancy would end sadly. At the hospital, the doctors had to remove the stitches on her cervix to prevent the uterus from rupturing. Doctors tried everything to stop the contractions, but their efforts failed and Ariana was born soon. Ariana spent three weeks in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and the doctors informed my cousin that Ariana had a problem with her heart and that she ... will have to be operated in order to survive the first year of her life. My cousin and I went to a heart specialist who informed us about the risks that the operation can have becau...

• Word Count: 1090
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , but for some reason cannot. Anti-abortion organizations are against abortion for the obvious reason, that they believe abortion is equivalent to murder, as the embryo is alive, defining alive as that this being is growing, developing, maturing, and replacing its own dying cells. During embryonic development, the heart is one of the few organs that must function almost as soon as it is formed ... . The human heart begins to beat and pump blood through the embryo around day 22 of gestation, which ... is one of the reasons abortion is concidered murder by many people. One might argue that...

• Word Count: 1288
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , steps must be taken to improve personal hygiene and nutrition, and possible medical issues explored and treated so as to cut down on complications that may occur after conception. Also, the use of alcohol and drugs limited, if not abstained from completely to avoid intrauterine growth retardation, spontaneous abortion, premature labor, congenital infection, or stillbirth. Eating for two does not ... is thought to be one of the most important nutrients in the vitamins and minerals field, playing a key role in the prevention of birth defects of the brain and spinal cord. A diet rich with ...

• Word Count: 766
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... FAE, Fetal Alcohol Effect, a milder form of FAS. There are general abnormalities which affect both forms of the disease. These abnormalities include a deficiency in growth, a pattern of malformation affecting the face, heart, and urinary tract. There are abnormalities within the brain that lead to various intellectual and behavioral problems in early childhood, as well as problems within ... the central nervous system. As I stated before many factors do play a role in the development of FAS in an infant. The most prominent among these are the frequency and the quantity of maternal alcoho...

• Word Count: 2348
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... newborn child's physicians. Prenatal (before birth) health depends partly on Mom's health prior to pregnancy. Ideally, a woman achieves the ideal weight for her height before attempting to conceive. Women who are overweight during pregnancy risk diabetes and hypertension and are ... folic acid prior to and during early pregnancy has been linked to neural tube defects (open spinal column and other disorders). If the woman's diet lacks folic acid or if she has formerly had a child with a neural tube defect, she should seek advice ... a lack of formation of organs or parts of organs, espe...

• Word Count: 658
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... manner in which I will be able to adapt to each problem and situations that I face. What motivates me the most into choosing this program out of all others is that I have the patience and heart that I am willing to give out my time in supporting others in accomplishing their goals and to promote for ... social justice and equity for everyone. I want to be more into my communities and to promote the concept of respecting each other as human being and to break the barriers ... to equality and to find out a reason of the ... don't value their own body is no different than a prostitute just...

• Word Count: 937
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... requiring minors to tell a parent before they can access contraception delays or prevents them from seeking reproductive health services, but does not reduce their sexual activity" (Ana). One of the determining factor for teens deciding whether or not to seek contraceptive protection can be confidentiality. When teenagers do not seek these health services, they not only forego ... to their health and future children. With reference to an article from Body Ecology, "Even scarier than the mild side effects are the serious health risks that accompany birth control pills. These include: inc...

• Word Count: 1086
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... cigarette a day have babies with a low birth weight. Infants born to mothers who smoked while they were pregnant tend to remain below normal in height and weight. The lower the birth rate of an infant is, the greater the chance of perinatal mortality, also logically brought about by maternal smoking. Spontaneous abortions in early pregnancies are usually associated with malformations and chromosomal aberrations in ... can also acquire a build-up of patent ductus arteriosus, which can cause cardiovascular abnormalities in the future. Also, babies born to smoking mothers are twice as like...

• Word Count: 1155
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... alcohol exposure. It is important to understand that Coles' presentation contains information from dozens of peer-reviewed studies on various forms of prenatal drug and alcohol exposure conducted over the past twenty years. The information Coles shares about prenatal substance exposure provides a hard hitting view of drug and alcohol use during pregnancy. According to Coles, prenatal alcohol exposure can cause major ... cognitive deficiencies, neuro-developmental slowness, and academic problems. The effects from prenatal cocaine exposure can cause abnormal arousal regulation, emotional d...

• Word Count: 2546
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... child may have FAS. These malformations include short palpebral fissures (eye openings), a thin upper lip, and a flattened mid-face with an elongated philtrum (the groove in the upper lip). The final indicator is usually the most detrimental to the health of the affected child: CNS involvement. Children born with FAS tend to develop a spectrum of CNS problems ranging in severity from severe mental retardation to a chronic ... of problems associated with this disease continues. Cardiac abnormalities are found in a higher than normal percentage in this population. Some of these problems a...

• Word Count: 1764
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of their lives. These women try to find some ways to escape their feeling of guilt even if it means taking their own life. They don't know if the choice that they made was the best one. Some reasons that experts believe make an abortion traumatic experiences for women are: Many are forced into unwanted abortion by husbands, boyfriends, parents, or others ... Although, women look at abortion as The fear, anxiety, pain, and guilt associated with the procedure are mixed into this perception of grotesque and violent death. Still other women report that the pain of abortion, inflected upon th...

• Word Count: 1511
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Our society places some pressure upon us to bear children. But obviously not all people can fulfil this prospect. Not having the ability to conceive or adopt a child can be a heart-wrenching experience for those who really want a family. Fortunately, alternatives exist for sterile couples such as foster homes and adoption. But another method that some people have chosen has caused ... great controversy here in America. Surrogacy may not be a new phenomenon, as it dates back to the Biblical times of Abram and his infertile ... getting a baby. Surrogacy procedures in America today should come ...

• Word Count: 1679
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... education, or training. (Planned Parenthood 1) Because of this, teen mothers are generally poor and are dependent on government support. (Newman 679) The welfare system is usually the only support a teen parent will receive. Welfare benefits are higher for families with absent fathers or dependent children. (Calhoun 309) In some ... and friendships because they do not have time for anything other than their baby. Lack of a social life and time for herself may cause the teenage mother to become depressed or have severe mental anxiety. (Johnson 5) Depression may become worse for a teenage m...

• Word Count: 2011
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... field even considers a fetus a human life. Surgeries are often performed on children before birth. For example, in the womb, tumors can form at the base of the tailbone requiring removal and even heart disease can be treated within the womb (Schwarzwalder). Medicine confirms the fetus as a separate entity and a human being before birth as well. Since fetal surgery is a very common practice, ... doctors administer separate anesthesia to the fetus. Abortion is not just a procedure that takes place in a woman's life ... is a website founded by a woman who underwent five abortions. This w...

• Word Count: 3016
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate