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Analysis of Carl Rogers' TheoriesHumanistic Psychology is a form of psychology that came to prevalence in the 1950s; it departed from the scientific methodology of the behaviourists and Sigmund Freud's psychodynamic approach, which focussed on past experiences and the subconscious and instead focussed on the qualities unique to human life (Benson 2012). Carl Rogers 1902 – 1987 was at the forefront of developing new humanistic psychological theories that would radically change the approach of psychotherapy forever and concurrently lay the foundations for the field of professional counselling. (Kirshenbaum, 2004) In this essay I intend to explore Rogers humanistic theories and I aim to show how Rogers theories impacted the role of the counselling today. I will reveal how Rogers departed from the therapeutic relationships of the past and developed a new person centred approach to therapy. I will show that this radical change was based on Rogers ideas that counsellors should not 'inflict' their own solutions |
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The Relation Between CO2 Output and Income Introduction 2 Review of Literature 3 Introduction 3 Summary by source 3 Source 1: When it comes to carbon footprints, location and lifestyle matter 3 Source 2: The well-heeled leave biggest carbon footprint 6 Source 3: Carbon footprint of low income households; does addressing fuel poverty conflict with carbon saving? 7 Source 4: The distribution of UK household CO emissions. 8 Comparison of sources 8 Methodology 9 Variables 10 Questionnaire 12 Collecting the data 11 Calculations 15 Analysis of Findings 20 Processing of Findings 21 Conclusion 21 References 21 Appendix Error! Bookmark not defined. Introduction On January 15, 2015, the iconic Doomsday Clock has ticket two minutes closer to midnight and now stands at three minutes to midnight, the 'latest' is has been since 1984, the height of the Cold War. The Bulletin of the Atomic Sciences1, look at global issues on a regular basis and calculates the time to Armageddon, citing climate change and a nuclear arms race as |
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Diagnostic Tools for PsychologistsUpon analysis of the diagnostic model in psychology, it becomes evident that the notion of labelling client problems as a 'disorder', increases the likelihood of neglecting a large number of human experiences and the dynamic relationship humans have with their social and cultural environments (Boyle, 2007). The current diagnostic tool used is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM); an organised system for conceptualising and defining clinical conditions (DSM-IV-TR, 2000). Despite challenging the biological and universal assumptions of disorders in the DSM, this paper is not entirely suggesting this is incorrect, rather emphasises the need to be comprehensive in diagnosis. It may be unreasonable to suggest discarding the DSM completely, however, ethical considerations need to be taken into account in how to use the manual effectively to ensure client's health and well-being is not put at risk of harm (APS, 2007). A diagnosis creates theoretical and pract |
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Ishmael Beah and PovertyOne may be living without food, water and many home supplies needed and they strive to live every single day. Poverty is a common social issue that provides many people without food, fresh water and money, and while nations like Canada have worked really hard to get rid of it domestically it still exists around the world. Government from a higher country who has the money should give in their efforts to help support countries in poverty. Poverty is a stoppable social issue, but yet no one has been able to stop it. Ishmael Beah was born in Sierra Leone in 1980. When Ishmael was 12 years old a civil war arose in his country. A team called the rebels started to attack every village in his country killing many people. Ishmael was able to escape for quite some time but eventually the rebels caught him and forced him into being a boy soldier. During his time trying to escape from the rebels, he along with the rest of his country was in poverty; they had no food, no water and no money. His mother could not even afford to send him to school (Beah). One thing that happens when poverty is happening in o |
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Attending a University or CollegeWhen students graduate high school everyone's got their own choices of what kind of education they want to get. Study in a community college for two years or university for four years? Which is the most advantages? Which is the cheapest and has more job opportunities faster than the other? These are questions many students have in mind these days. For most parents studying in a community college is not as respective as studying in a university. It's all about the respect, class, money, and for some other parents any kind of college will be fine as long as they can feel happy and proud to say their child graduated from a college with a degree. When comparing universities and community colleges the first and the most important question that pops into the minds of both parents and students is the difference in the school fees. The reason for this is mostly the number of different educational programs these colleges offer, and also the food transportation and living expenses. Community c |
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Ways We Harm the EnvironmentThe word currently is always advancing in technology making life easier for us people that live here. Over the years these actions taken to advance in technology and science have affected the environment adversely by polluting the environment. Environmental pollution is the contamination of the earth and its atmosphere to such an extent that it starts disrupting the natural environmental processes. Environmental pollution occurs in many different ways. For instance, Global warming, Deforestation, ozone layer depletion and Acid rain are a few environmental issues caused by man. Environmental pollution and its adverse effects has gotten a great attention lately and introduction of clean energy, hybrid cars are some steps taken to reduce the pollution. Organizations such as the World Health Organization are also working hard to reduce the pollution. Even though prevention of pollution is a priority air pollution, global warming and deforestation are major threats that pollute the environ |
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The Concept of JesusMessiah, Son of God, the Anointed One, King of the Jews, our savior- those are just a few of the many attributes of Jesus that the Church declare in their praises and associate with his name. Though for those who don't attend Church or have any religious background, who is Jesus? Is Jesus in our lives? Is Jesus the Lord? A psychopath who empathized with sinners around the world? Or just someone we see on paintings at church? For me, my view on Jesus is not just one short answer, but rather like a timeline, as my view on Jesus now is an accumulation of all the studies and experiences I've previously had. I had a very nice and fulfilling childhood. I was loved and cared for those around me. For the most of it, it was a perfect life, and I seemed to have an answer for everything. I was always comfortable sharing with my fellow students about my thoughts and never felt like an outcast or misfit kid. That was until I started learning about religion, specifically the Bible. Whe |
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Symbolism - A Door Into UnderstandingSeveral credible sources agree that symbolism can be defined as something that has a personal connection, a connection to feelings which are able to be connected to a variety of people, a condensed idea, and a repetition that increases the recognition of the symbol. Symbols are integrated into everyone's life, but are there to be interpreted because not all symbols have a single meaning but are abstract in thought. The symbol is like a code; because of the in depth and condensed meaning one has to take certain steps to understand the symbol. Symbols have integrity, or a truth to them, because they allow the reader to find an inner meaning to a work and also apply the meaning to themselves. For example, when we think of the word "door", we think of the actual meaning. We see the door from our house growing up, or the door that we slammed during our teenage years, but as we look at the word door with the steps used to identify a symbol, we find that word can symbolize a barric |
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Red Azalea by Anchee MinWhat effect did the culture revolution had on china? The culture revolution happens in in mid 1900s and lasted a full decade and had a lot of impact on the Chinese people. The main goal was to preserve communism ideology by purging against the reminisce of capitalism in the tradition Chinese society. The book Red Azalea comes from at that particular time period. Red azalea was in the center of the culture revolution. The culture revolution affected the Chinese citizens in many ways. The citizens did not enjoy the cultural revolution and lived in constant fear of communist party and they lacked freedom to express themselves. The culture revolution took place in china in 1966. The culture revolution took place for three reasons first so Moa can replace his successors with more trust worth leaders to his current position. Secondly, he wanted make some changes because he was not a big fan of charges that were being made by the Soviet Union and he wanted to impose a lighter version of so |
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Education, Skills and the Art ProfessionArt professions are usually divided into two categories, fine art and applied art. An artist is someone who creates art. Fine artists produce original artwork, using paint, acrylics, charcoal, ink, clay, plaster, metal and other materials. They market their work to individual buyers and to art galleries, and may also work on commissioned projects. Artist generally have some college or university training, although it not a requirement for the profession. Professional fine artist stay informed regarding the work and motivations of other artists, new techniques, and available technologies in the art world. Their pieces generally convey messages, ideas, emotions, moods or in some case, serve a strictly artistic purpose. According to Marshall Kimball in Marketing Management Journal, he mentioned that fine arts are a multi-billion dollar business and marketing academicians have largely neglected the visual fine arts markets. This is unfortunate because the expressive nature of fine art work |
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Unethical Behavior in an OrganizationEthical behavior pertains to the principles of morality based on accepted right and wrong conduct. When discussing the idea of unethical behavior, it is most common to focus on issues such as murder, abortion or cheating on one's spouse. The misuse of time on the job is unethical and is practiced by many, though it is often overlooked. When the misuse of time on the clock is discussed as inappropriate behavior, the attempt to justify the behavior is usually made. Though it is often done, unethical behaviors should not be considered more or less unethical than others. Because so many jobs are physically and emotionally demanding, the risk of burn out exists. Taking some time to refocus or to complete tasks that may distract you from work is far from being selfish. Therefore, no matter your profession, without appropriate relaxation and taking care of personal issues, problems may arise which may cause decreased efficacy on the job. Misuse of time on the job is the sometimes referred to as employee time theft (Leviticus). Some of the most co |
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Breastfeeding Case StudyLZ is a 28 years old female, who is 165cm high and weight 70kg. She has become a mom for 8 months and still on breastfeeding. Based on requesting, she recorded her three days food journal of May 17, May 19, and May 20, which were two weekdays and one weekend. During these three days, when she finished her meal, she texted me what exactly she ate through an app named "We Chat", including water, beverage and source and so on. We also talked lots of food details through "We Chat" like FaceTime because she went back to China at that time. When she got pregnant and gave birth to her son, she stayed in the US as usual. Typically, she ate lots of Chinese homemade food. In Chinese traditional culture, women will ingest large quantity of pig's feet soup and fish soup during breastfeeding. Therefore, it was so hard to find the food item to match her meal through My Plate. In order to get more accurate analysis, I divided her single meal to several food items, and then I chose the most closely one to create her food tracker. Following is th |
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The Intrigue and Value of GoldGold is a rare metal with a long history, one factor that gives it such a long history is Alluvial gold was quite common and appeared regularly in most streams and rivers. Gold has always been sought after ever since its discovery but its not just its rarity that give it its value, gold has many other desirable properties that give it its value. Many of these values were not discovered till well after gold entered mainstream use. one value that has been known about gold since its discovery is its intrinsic value to last forever and not perish or tarnish. The price of gold is largely supported by the high demand for it in th e modern age, There are many other metals rarer than gold with a similar price because they have a much lower demand because they may only have one or two uses, unlike the many uses that gold has. Ancient civilization has always had a fascination with gold, it was often worship as a gift from the gods and civilizations such as the incas referred to it as "tear |
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L.L. Bean Supply ChainL.L. Bean Describe their business model and explain their supply chain strategy. The business model for LL Bean has been offering the highest quality product lines of sporting clothes and accessories. The company has a 160,000-square-foot signature store that stocks hundreds and hundreds of these items and this store would bring in more than three million visitors per year. The store was designed with the customer in mind to allow them hands-on access to its products so that they would have a better understanding of the high quality that they were being offered. With this model, L.L. Bean moved to build chain stores in major urban locations to encourage potential customers to examine the quality of their products so as to buy them at the store or offer them online using the company website. The company has lowered its prices and doesn't enjoy the same profit margin as it once did as it competes with companies such as Lands' End ©. L.L. Bean has also launched an aggressive ad camp |
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Hamlet and the Human ExperienceThe human experience encompasses a plethora of emotions and qualities that affect us on a daily basis. Throughout history, literary have served to portray the human experience and the play Hamlet addresses the universal concerns that still resonate in a modern context. Hamlet discusses the various issues of mortality, in particular, suicide, provoking responders to question their own mortality. Despite Hamlet's intelligence and philosophical understanding of life, his extraordinary talents and abilities are virtually rendered mute as a result of his tragic hamartia of hesitancy and procrastination. The counter-productivity of revenge is exposed from a Christian angle by the tragic fates of both Hamlet and Laertes while Fortinbras' ultimate triumph is predicated on his holding off on revenge. Contemporary audiences continue to appreciate Hamlet for its philosophical contemplations and which is a prime example of humanity's discussion of fundamental questions of life. Modern day audienc |
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Haddon and the Struggles of Growing UpAutism is a disorder that makes it difficult to interact socially, and communicate verbally, and non-verbally. This makes autistic people see the world differently. Society thinks if one has autism, one is different and they treat him or her differently than others which make the parents or the child who has autism very upset. When children see this, it makes them think and act differently and want to become more mature. Christopher is a kid who has autism. Everyone becomes more mature as they get older, even for a boy named Christopher who has autism. In the book, The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time by Mark Haddon the main character Christopher becomes more socially intelligent, sensitive and self-sufficient as he gets older. To begin, Christopher becomes socially intelligent in many ways in this book. As he grows older, he learns different ways of becoming socially intelligent. As Christopher is growing older and becoming more mature, he figures out that sometimes you |
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Roles of Women in the 1950sIn Alfred Hitchcock's 1959 film North by Northwest, is about a man who is mistaken for a government agent by a group of foreign spies, when he tries to make sense of it all, everything goes wrong and he meets a blonde named Eve Kendall who he later discovers works for the government in order to see what these foreign spies are up to. In the film a woman's role is independent and daring but in the 1950's society's point of view is very different. The article "A Woman's Role in the 1950's" is filled with stereotypical views of women in the 1950's. According to the article women had certain roles to fill "The perfect mother was supposed to stay home. A diligent housewife had dinner on the table precisely at the moment her husband arrived from work. A wife was a "good" wife only if she carried out her man's every order and agreed with him on everything." (Coob). And in Alfred Hitchcock's North by Northwest, Eve Kendall is a spy in a |
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Salvation by HughesIn "Salvation," written in 1940, Langston Hughes shares his early experience in the realm of religion. Hughes visits a big revival at his Auntie Reed's church where he was saved from sin. However, the little boy fails to actually be saved and his expectation turns out to be a disappointment at the end of the story. His experience is not about being converted to Christianity-instead the story explicates about negative effects that result from the pressure of a social norm. Sharing the story of seeking and eventually losing faith, Hughes does not focus on condemning Christianity. I found three different reactions and sentiments of young Hughes in reading the essay. The initial excitement is discussed when he positively describes about the revival meeting and how he hoped in meeting Jesus. Then his anxiety is portrayed when he feels the pressure as he is left last, separated from the other kids who walked up to the altar. Eventually, Hughes decides to join the crowd but he is left feeling lost and burdened. He did not act this way because he saw the light, Jesus; instead, the pressure of the congregation bent his will. Th |
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Euthanasia LegalizationEuthanasia or "Physician Assisted-Suicide" is "Suicide accomplished with the aid of another person, especially a physician." (American Heritage Medical Dictionary). The debate of the legalization of Euthanasia hangs heavily on the ethics of the passing of life. America is a country that is known to the rest of the world as a "death defying" culture, so it is not normally perceived that death is a positive event. For the terminally ill is there such a thing as a positive death? The ethical question is in the difference between Passive Euthanasia and Active Euthanasia. Passive Euthanasia (Passive Death) is when inhuman force (such as death by disease or lightning) is the cause of death while Active Euthanasia is when the direct action of another becomes the cause of death (Clayton). To some the line between Passive and Active Euthanasia is not a line of black and white but grayed in many areas due to evidence coming to light on either side of the debate. C |
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Theories of PersonalityTheories of personality is a complex subject that covers a wide array of concepts. Before taking this course, I felt I had a decent understanding of personality theories because I had a vague idea of Freud's theory, I had heard about the Hierarchy of needs, I knew about Ivan Pavlov and Pavlov's dog, and I had even taken the Myers-Briggs test. Much to my surprise, my prior knowledge barely scratched the surface of all of the psychological studies dedication to the development of personalities and behaviors. Throughout the course, many different personality theories were discussed. My prior knowledge of Freud's theory entailed knowledge of the id, ego, and superego as well as the study of the unconscious. I learned that his theory is called psychoanalysis and that there were many other theorists that expanded upon his concepts. Karen Horney, Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, and Erik Erikson all made significant contributions to psychoanalytic theory. Horney's theory focuses on ten neuroti |
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The Poetry of Judith WrightIn Wright's poetry, the observer and the landscape – "man as part of nature" (Wright interview, 1965) – serve to share important messages about the way we have interacted and continue to interact with our environment. Wright's understanding of the relationship between humans and the land reflects her own past growing up in a pastoralist family and later work as an environmental activist. In her poetry the landscape often becomes a metaphor for the passing of a distinctively Australian time with explicit references to Australian historical events and situations. But paradoxically her poems do not remain in the past, instead using landscape as a bridge to the present, offering support for conservation, a movement she embraced wholeheartedly in her lifetime. Perhaps the most traditional of her poems is the well-known "South of My Days" with its nostalgia for an idealized Australian past. The title metaphorically refers to a time outside the present, but pa |
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A Confined CrisisThere are widespread problems throughout the Oklahoma County Detention Center, that continue today. What has got to happen to make people realize there is something wrong? The United States Government has been monitoring the way this jail has been operating the past five years and nothing has ever really been done to correct these issues. Since the day the building opened in 1991, there have been numerous issues that include; the high costs to maintain the building, overcrowding, inadequate medical care, and safety concerns. According to U.S. Assistant Attorney General, Grace Chung Becker. The U.S. Department of Justice has investigated the facility in May 28-30, June 9-13, and August 27-29, 2003 also a few years later in April 25-27, 2007. Their report stated numerous problems as mentioned earlier, but nothing had changed between these times. The jail was designed to hold 1,250 detainees, but on any given day held more than twice that amount.(Becker) With the overcrowded conditions, the atmosphere could get dangerous on a moments notice. There are too many people in a cell, that are in a bad mood in the beginning and to crowd three, sometimes four p |
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The Unexpected Blessing"Well Cheyann, it looks like you're going to have a baby" Eleven words that turned my whole world upside down. On January 27th, I wasn't feeling well so I decided to stay home from school. Later that afternoon, I received a call from my boyfriend asking me for a favor. He asked, "Do you care to run over to my house and grab a pair of athletic shorts and meet me by Davenport at 2?" Of course I agreed, so I get out of bed and get dressed. I didn't realize how cold it was until I had stepped outside on the porch. So I went outside to start my car so it could get warm and cozy before I got in it. I get into my car, drive a few blocks, and then BOOM; my head smashes into my steering wheel, my body slings forward until it's quickly stopped by the seat belt. It felt like it happened in slow motion and I didn't know how to react afterwards. I wrecked into a UPS truck head on. Thankfully, I wasn't going to fast and I had my seatbelt on. My car on the other hand was totaled, but that was the lea |
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The Importance of Political DiversityGovernance is an entity which is key to any nation's survival and growth. In the democratic system it is often open to scrutiny from political opponents and the public alike; term after term members of the government face the inevitable 'threat' of being replaced during elections. Although such political diversity may seem like a threat to current ruling parties, it is essential for the nation, especially in today's democracies. When assessing the very purpose of political diversity, one must realize that it is in fact a core component of the democratic system. What differentiates a democratic constitution from many other systems is choice, including that of one's leaders. Indeed, the freedom of choice serves as a main attraction for the democratic system. To limit political diversity such as by limiting competition and restricting the formation of political parties would be equal to removing the freedom of the people's choice. Any nation which controls the political freedom of its people to exercise choice cannot be deemed a true democracy. It is hence important for any democratic nation to have political diversity, lest if seeks to spit on the governing principles of |
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The Price-Species Flow MechanismHere, price means inflation or deflation. Species (true money) means gold. So this funny term really means a "mechanism linking inflation/deflation with gold flows." Through this mechanism, it was thought that the gold standard had a wonderful built-in adjustment mechanism. Even if governments did nothing, international macroeconomic adjustment would occur automatically, or so it was argued. It works like this: If a country has a current account deficit for any reason, there will be an outflow of gold. The loss of gold means less money supply, so this country will have a price deflation. After some time, its products become cheaper in the global market, so exports will rise and imports will fall. This improves the current account. It works just the opposite for a country with an initial current account surplus. It will accumulate gold, which increases money supply and raises the price level. The country loses price competitiveness, so the trade balance worsens. The price–sp |
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